On the improvement of PEC activity of hematite thin films deposited by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering method

Kment, Štěpán; Hubička, Zdeněk; Krýsa, Josef; Sekora, Derek; Zlámal, Martin; Olejníček, J.; Čada, Martin; Kšírová, Petra; Remeš, Z.; Schmuki, Patrik; Schubert, Eva; Zbořil, Radek

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.10.015

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…2,3 As a result of these advantages, HiPIMS is very attractive to the deposition of hard coatings, 4-6 decorative coatings, biologic coatings 7 and photoelectric coatings. 8 However, the discharge of different materials does not have the same ionization and stability as DC magnetron sputtering or cathodic arc ion plating. [9][10][11] For example, ionization of Cu is more than 90% and the discharge is stable, but frequent arcing is observed from C in HiPIMS and ionization is quite low.…”

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confidence: 99%

Discharge current modes of high power impulse magnetron sputtering

Xiao

et al. 2015

AIP Advances

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Based on the production and disappearance of ions and electrons in the high power impulse magnetron sputtering plasma near the target, the expression of the discharge current is derived. Depending on the slope, six possible modes are deduced for the discharge current and the feasibility of each mode is discussed. The discharge parameters and target properties are simplified into the discharge voltage, sputtering yield, and ionization energy which mainly affect the discharge plasma. The relationship between these factors and the discharge current modes is also investigated.

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confidence: 99%

Discharge current modes of high power impulse magnetron sputtering

Xiao

et al. 2015

AIP Advances

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“…However, on thermodynamic grounds, alumina is soluble in both acidic and alkaline media [8]. Besides protection, Al 2 O 3 ALD layers have also been used for passivating surface states on water-oxidizing hematite photoanodes [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

Krýsová¹,

Neumann‐Spallart²,

Tarábková³

et al. 2021

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Al2O3 layers were deposited onto electrodes by atomic layer deposition. Solubility and electron-transport blocking were tested. Films deposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, F:SnO2/glass) substrates blocked electron transfer to redox couples (ferricyanide/ferrocyanide) in aqueous media. However, these films were rapidly dissolved in 1 M NaOH (≈100 nm/h). The dissolution was slower in 1 M H2SO4 (1 nm/h) but after 24 h the blocking behaviour was entirely lost. The optimal stability was reached at pH 7.2 where no changes were found up to 24 h and even after 168 h of exposure the changes in the blocking behaviour were still minimal. This behaviour was also observed for protection against direct reduction of FTO.

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“…[18][19][20] Nanostructuring of a-Fe 2 O 3 provides ah ighly improved efficiency in chargec arrier generation and collection due to the enhancement of the specific surface area and the drastic shortening of the minority carrierd iffusion length. [14] Nanostructured a-Fe 2 O 3 has been synthesized using av ariety of techniques including sol-gel processing, [21] electrodeposition, [22] spray pyrolysis, [23] hydrothermal synthesis, [20,24] magnetron sputtering, [25,26] and electrochemical anodization. [27,28] Among them, anodization is considered as ap romising methodf or the fabrication of nanostructured a-Fe 2 O 3 from the viewpoint of low cost and large scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of α‐Fe₂O₃ for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Strongly Enhanced by Low Temperature Annealing in Low Oxygen Containing Ambient

Makimizu

Nguyen

Tuček

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy stored in the form of hydrogen. Nanostructured hematite (α‐Fe2O3) is one of the most attractive materials for a highly efficient charge carrier generation and collection due to its large specific surface area and the short minority carrier diffusion length. In the present work, the PEC water splitting performance of nanostructured α‐Fe2O3 is investigated which was prepared by anodization followed by annealing in a low oxygen ambient (0.03 % O2 in Ar). It was found that low oxygen annealing can activate a significant PEC response of α‐Fe2O3 even at a low temperature of 400 °C and provide an excellent PEC performance compared with classic air annealing. The photocurrent of the α‐Fe2O3 annealed in the low oxygen at 1.5 V vs. RHE results as 0.5 mA cm−2, being 20 times higher than that of annealing in air. The obtained results show that the α‐Fe2O3 annealed in low oxygen contains beneficial defects and promotes the transport of holes; it can be attributed to the improvement of conductivity due to the introduction of suitable oxygen vacancies in the α‐Fe2O3. Additionally, we demonstrate the photocurrent of α‐Fe2O3 annealed in low oxygen ambient can be further enhanced by Zn‐Co LDH, which is a co‐catalyst of oxygen evolution reaction. This indicates low oxygen annealing generates a promising method to obtain an excellent PEC water splitting performance from α‐Fe2O3 photoanodes.

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On the improvement of PEC activity of hematite thin films deposited by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering method

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

Discharge current modes of high power impulse magnetron sputtering

Discharge current modes of high power impulse magnetron sputtering

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

Activation of α‐Fe₂O₃ for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Strongly Enhanced by Low Temperature Annealing in Low Oxygen Containing Ambient

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On the improvement of PEC activity of hematite thin films deposited by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering method

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

Discharge current modes of high power impulse magnetron sputtering

Discharge current modes of high power impulse magnetron sputtering

Atomic layer deposited films of Al2O3 on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

Activation of α‐Fe2O3 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Strongly Enhanced by Low Temperature Annealing in Low Oxygen Containing Ambient

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

Activation of α‐Fe₂O₃ for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Strongly Enhanced by Low Temperature Annealing in Low Oxygen Containing Ambient