On the importance of being masculine: Sex role, attribution, and women's career achievement

Customers’ perspectives regarding e-banking in an emerging economy

“…The similarities among these constructs have been noted in prior research Moore and Benbasat, 1991;Plouffe et al, 2001;Thompson et al, 1991). Consistent with previous research (e.g., Agarwal and Prasad, 1997;Davis et al, 1989;Thompson et al, 1991Thompson et al, , 1994, effort-oriented constructs are expected to be more salient in the early stages of a new behavior, when process issues represent hurdles to be overcome, and later become overshadowed by instrumentality concerns Szajna, 1996;Venkatesh, 1999;Wong et al, 1985). SCT Compeau and Higgins (1995), Compeau et al (1999) Effort expectancy Perceived ease of use TAM Davis (1989), Davis et al (1989) Complexity MPCU Thompson et al (1991) Ease of use IDT Moore and Benbasat (1991) Social influence Subjective norm TRA, TPB, C-TAM-TPB Ajzen (1991), Fishbein and Azjen (1975), Mathieson (1991), Taylor and Todd (1995) Social factors MPCU Thompson et al (1991) Image IDT Moore and Benbasat (1991) Facilitating conditions Perceived behavioral control TPB, C-TAM-TPB Ajzen (1991), Taylor and Todd (1995) Facilitating conditions MPCU Thompson et al (1991) Compatibility IDT Moore and Benbasat (1991) Researchers argued that perceived ease of use is the extent to which a person accepts as true that using an exacting method would be at no cost to that individual Mathieson, 1991;Gefen and Straub, 2000;Gahtani, 2001).…”

Gender Nonconformity, Sexual Orientation, and Psychological Well-Being

“…For example, the early work of Harry (1983b) among heterosexual and homosexual men and women living in San Francisco indicated that recalled childhood gender nonconformity related to feelings of isolation and suicidal thoughts in men but not in women. In some cases, women may actually benefit from gender-nonconforming behaviors (Impett et al, 2006;Thornton&Leo,1992;Wong, Kettlewell, & Sproule, 1985). The present study, therefore, also investigated sex differences in the relationships of sexual orientation and gender nonconformity with well-being.…”

“…Intuitively, it makes sense that not only gender-nonconforming male youth but also gender-nonconforming female youth experience poorer well-being. Yet, other studies indicate that gender nonconformity can be beneficial for females (Impett et al, 2006;Thornton & Leo, 1992;Wong et al, 1985). These previous studies focused on the effects of female masculinity for self-concepts and behaviors related to interpersonal relations and career making.…”

Gender Nonconformity and Psychological Distress in Lesbians and Gay Men

“…Bailey and Zucker (1995) suggested that this pattern might be due to greater mistreatment of feminine boys by parents and peers. Similarly, although adult gender nonconformity may be linked to negative treatment for gay men, at least some aspects of more typically masculine behaviors or interests may actually benefit women (Impett, Schooler, & Tolman, 2006;Oliver & Toner, 1990;Thornton & Leo, 1992;Wong, Kettlewell, & Sproule, 1985).…”