Ethylene is an important feedstock for the production
of many key-valued
compounds, especially polymers. About 60% of the total ethylene produced
is utilized for the production of polyethylene, while ethylene is
normally produced by steam cracking of naphtha along with traces of
ethane, which is undesirable. Considering the energy-intensive nature
of the current technology to obtain ultrapure ethylene, the development
of novel materials for separating ethylene from ethane by adsorption
is of great significance, yet it remains challenging owing to the
close molecular sizes and physical properties of the two compounds.
Both ethylene- and ethane-selective adsorbents are reviewed in this
work. Yet, as the industrial feed is rich in ethylene with traces
of ethane, in order to obtain polymer grade ethylene, multiple adsorption–desorption
cycles are required, which is yet again energy-demanding. Thus, ethane-selective
adsorbents are energetically favorable; hence, in this Review, we
pay particular focus on ethane-selective adsorbents. The rationale
behind reverse-selective adsorbents is critically reviewed and discussed.
Most of the ethane-selective adsorbents have been reported to exhibit
low selectivity compared to ethylene-selective ones, as reverse-selectivity
is mostly based on weak van der Waals interactions. In addition, we
focused on various reported mechanisms behind the adsorptive separation
of ethane/ethylene mixtures, as well as modifications and surface
functionalization techniques reported for different types of adsorbents
investigated for this separation.