On the Homologies and Mechanism of the Mouth‐Parts of Hemiptera

53. The Morphology of the Water Scorpion. Nepa cinerea Linn. (Rhynchota. Hcteroptera.)

“…I n Cicada the main facial sclerite (corresponding to the pear-shaped sclerite, or its upper part, in Nepa) is a large, oval, striated area separated by definite sutures from adjoining parts. Muir and Kershaw (1911) call it the clypeus, from its general position, in which they agree with Berlese (1909), Bugnion and Popoff (1911), and most other previous workers. Snodgrass (1921) regards it as the frons, pointing out, among other reasons, that it receives the attachments of the pharyngeal muscles.…”

THE MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ORTHOTYLUS FIEBER (HEM., MIRIDAE), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BRITISH SPECIES

“…7). They are separated by what Muir and Kershaw (1911) call the mandibular suture (although in the legend of their illustrations it is referred to as the maxillary suture), which runs back to the base of the antennae.…”

The phylogeny of the Hemiptera based on a study of the head capsule

“…Snodgrass (1921) demonstrated, by a study of the muscle attachments that it was clearly clypeal in nature and termed it the postch/peus. Myers (1928) (1926), Myers (1928) and Snodgrass (1935 Muir and Kershaw (1911a) described these areas as extensions of the clypeus, and the same authors ( 1912) stated that they were not formed from the mandibular sclerite and had no relation to the mandibles.…”

“…(Crawford 1914). Muir and Kershaw (1911a) state that "The division between the labrum and the epipharynx is obscure" and suggest the term labrumepipharynx for it. MacGillivray (1923b) and Myers (1928) follow this terminology.…”