On the hands of patients with Clostridium difficile: A study of spore prevalence and the effect of hand hygiene on C difficile removal

Barker, Anna; Zellmer, Caroline; Tischendorf, Jessica S; Duster, Megan; Valentine, Susan; Wright, Marc Oliver; Safdar, Nasia

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2017.03.005

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Many studies have reported that typical hand washing with soap and water does not permanently eliminate C. difficile spores [ 59 , 60 ]; our results confirmed these findings. Recent research suggests new approaches that may be more effective against clostridia spores, such as soaking or wiping hands with electrochemically activated saline solution, generating hypochlorous acid (Vashe) [ 61 ], and washing hands with sand- or oil-based products [ 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Paeniclostridium sordellii in Hospital Settings

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of clostridia strains in a hospital environment in Algeria and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics and biocides. (2) Methods: Five hundred surface samples were collected from surfaces in the intensive care unit and surgical wards in the University Hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria. Bacterial identification was carried out using MALDI-TOF-MS, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antimicrobial agents were determined by the E-test method. P. sordellii toxins were searched by enzymatic and PCR assays. Seven products intended for daily disinfection in the hospitals were tested against Clostridium spp. spore collections. (3) Results: Among 100 isolates, 90 P. sordellii were identified, and all strains were devoid of lethal and hemorrhagic toxin genes. Beta-lactam, linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol all proved effective against isolated strains. Among all strains tested, the spores of P. sordellii exhibited remarkable resistance to the tested biocides compared to other Clostridium species. The (chlorine-based 0.6%, 30 min), (glutaraldehyde solution 2.5%, 30 min), and (hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid 3%, 15 min) products achieved the required reduction in spores. (4) Conclusions: Our hospital’s current cleaning and disinfection methods need to be optimized to effectively remove spores from caregivers’ hands, equipment, and surfaces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Paeniclostridium sordellii in Hospital Settings

et al. 2021

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“…One reason that it is important to use soap and water when caring for patients with a diarrhoeal illness is that alcohol-based hand gel is ineffective against Clostridium difficile spores. Therefore, the use of soap and water is a vital component of hand hygiene interventions in C. difficile infection (Barker et al 2017, Loftus et al 2019. As it can sometimes be unclear initially whether patients with a diarrhoeal illness have a C. difficile infection, it is prudent to use soap and water for hand hygiene practice at the outset in these patients.…”

Section: Soap and Water Or Alcoholbased Hand Gelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using effective hand hygiene practice to prevent and control infection

Hillier

2020

Nursing Standard

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Decontamination using hand hygiene remains one of the most important and effective methods for reducing healthcare-associated infections and cross-infection between patients. In 1860, Florence Nightingale wrote that nurses should wash their hands frequently throughout the day, demonstrating an early awareness of the effectiveness of this simple procedure. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that effectively applied hand hygiene is a vital intervention that can be used to prevent the spread of disease. This article details the correct procedure required for effective hand hygiene and emphasises the need for nurses to keep up to date with evidence-based guidelines. The article also outlines the differences between hand decontamination using alcohol-based hand gels and soap and water, and the complex factors that can interfere with effective hand hygiene compliance.

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“…Outside the colon, however, C difficile survives in a spore form that is highly resistant to heat, acid, chemicals, and antibiotics. 96,111 In a hospital setting, C difficile can readily spread from fomites like clothing or equipment 28,[112][113][114] and contamination can also occur by simple contact with intact skin of infected patients. 28,96,[112][113][114][115] Disease containment and prevention of transmission rely on patient isolation, the use of personal protective equipment, and hand washing with soap and water to physically remove spores from the surface of contaminated hands after patient encounters.…”

Section: Infection Control Measures Should Be Implemented For Hospita...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection

Poylin

Hawkins

Bhama

et al. 2021

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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On the hands of patients with Clostridium difficile: A study of spore prevalence and the effect of hand hygiene on C difficile removal

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Paeniclostridium sordellii in Hospital Settings

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Paeniclostridium sordellii in Hospital Settings

Using effective hand hygiene practice to prevent and control infection

The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Clostridioides difficile Infection

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