On the generalization of tones: A detailed exploration of non-speech auditory perception stimuli

Schutz, Michael; Gillard, Jessica

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63132-2

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(234 reference statements)

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“…Asynchrony/anisochrony and pulse-attribution JND threshold investigations of the types reviewed in chapter 3 represent another important avenue of future research. Just as with music perception studies in general (Schutz & Gillard, 2020;Schutz & Vaisberg, 2014), groove studies could also benefit from more up-to-date and ecologically valid heuristic psychoacoustic perceptual thresholds regarding a broader range of instrumental sounds and musical rhythmic contexts beyond simpler monotonic isochronous sequences involving singular sounds, including ones involving more complex musical and polyphonic settings. Novel tests along the same lines could look at whether listeners also produced timing-sound combinations corresponding to those of musicians in a live performance context, as in our experiments.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of instructed timing on electric guitar and bass sound in groove performance

Câmara

Nymoen

Lartillot

et al. 2020

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This thesis investigates the expressive means through which musicians well versed in groove-based music shape the timing of a rhythmic event, with a focus on the interaction between produced timing and sound features. In three performance experiments with guitarists, bassists, and drummers, I tested whether musicians systematically manipulate acoustic factors such as duration, intensity, and volume when they want to play with a specific microrhythmic style (pushed, on-the-beat, or laidback).The results show that all three groups of instrumentalists indeed played pushed, on-the-beat, or laid-back relative to the reference pulse and in line with the instructed microrhythmic styles, and that there were systematic and consequential sound differences. Guitarists played backbeats with a longer duration and darker sound in relation to pushed and laid-back strokes. Bassists played pushed beats with higher intensity than on-the-beat and laid-back strokes. For the drummers, we uncovered different timing-sound combinations, including the use of longer duration (snare drum) and higher intensity (snare drum and hi-hat), to distinguish both laid-back and pushed from on-the-beat strokes. The metronome as a reference pulse led to less marked timing profiles than the use of instruments as a reference, and it led in general to earlier onset positions as well, which can perhaps be related to the phenomenon of "negative mean asynchrony." We also conducted an in-depth study of the individual drummers' onset and intensity profiles using hierarchical cluster analyses and phylogenetic tree visualizations and uncovered a diverse range of strategies.The results support the research hypothesis that both temporal and sound-related properties contribute to how we perceive the location of a rhythmic event in time. I discuss these results in light of theories and findings from other studies of the perception and performance of groove, as well as research into rhythm and microrhythmic phenomena such as perceptual centers and onset asynchrony/anisochrony. This thesis was borne of blood, sweat, and tears, as well as a whole lotta love. (Musical puns intended, though mainly for the in crowd [Oops, I did it again].)First of all, I would like to thank my supervisors, Anne Danielsen and Kristian Nymoen, for their invaluable guidance and support throughout this journey. Anne, thank you first and foremost for providing the opportunity to research groove music in a scholarly, scientific manner for all these years -the combination of praxis and theory have bolstered its awesome power for me many times over. Your shrewd mentorship, unceasing kindness and patience, and limitless passion for knowledge have been a constant source of learning and inspiration. It is an honor to work alongside such a juggernaut scholar (and fellow funk head!), and I hope to continue unraveling the mysteries of groove together with you. Kristian, thank you for painlessly leading me through a new and wonderful technological path, one that has opened up so many analytical possibil...

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Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of instructed timing on electric guitar and bass sound in groove performance

Câmara

Nymoen

Lartillot

et al. 2020

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…That we failed to observe the same effect using more ecologically relevant speech stimuli possibly reflects important differences in the processing of tones and words. Indeed, following an extensive review of non-speech auditory perception stimuli, Schutz and Gillard (2020) point to several instances where the disproportionate use of simplistic tone stimuli in this research field has produced results that fail to generalise to everyday listening scenarios, informing theories that likely underestimate the capabilities of the human auditory system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute alcohol intoxication and the cocktail party problem: do “mocktails” help or hinder?

Harvey

Beaman

2021

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale To test the notion that alcohol impairs auditory attentional control by reducing the listener’s cognitive capacity. Objectives We examined the effect of alcohol consumption and working memory span on dichotic speech shadowing and the cocktail party effect—the ability to focus on one of many simultaneous speakers yet still detect mention of one’s name amidst the background speech. Alcohol was expected either to increase name detection, by weakening the inhibition of irrelevant speech, or reduce name detection, by restricting auditory attention on to the primary input channel. Low-span participants were expected to show larger drug impairments than high-span counterparts. Methods On completion of the working memory span task, participants (n = 81) were randomly assigned to an alcohol or placebo beverage treatment. After alcohol absorption, they shadowed speech presented to one ear while ignoring the synchronised speech of a different speaker presented to the other. Each participant’s first name was covertly embedded in to-be-ignored speech. Results The “cocktail party effect” was not affected by alcohol or working memory span, though low-span participants made more shadowing errors and recalled fewer words from the primary channel than high-span counterparts. Bayes factors support a null effect of alcohol on the cocktail party phenomenon, on shadowing errors and on memory for either shadowed or ignored speech. Conclusion Findings suggest that an alcoholic beverage producing a moderate level of intoxication (M BAC ≈ 0.08%) neither enhances nor impairs the cocktail party effect.

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“…While advantages exist for using simple sounds, the lack of naturally occurring changes in acoustic structure may deprive participants of information necessary to accurately judge sound source location. Schutz and Gillard (2020) reviewed 443 articles and discovered that only 11% of 1,017 of the reported experiments used a dynamically varying sound. While flat tones are more common in laboratory settings, percussive tones are more representative of the sounds individuals normally encounter in real-world settings and, thus, are more often the sounds individuals judge and respond to.…”

Section: Acoustic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Auditory Spatial Perception in Humans: Review of Behavioral Findings and Suggestions for Future Research

Russell

2022

Front. Psychol.

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It has been well documented, and fairly well known, that concomitant with an increase in chronological age is a corresponding increase in sensory impairment. As most people realize, our hearing suffers as we get older; hence, the increased need for hearing aids. The first portion of the present paper is how the change in age apparently affects auditory judgments of sound source position. A summary of the literature evaluating the changes in the perception of sound source location and the perception of sound source motion as a function of chronological age is presented. The review is limited to empirical studies with behavioral findings involving humans. It is the view of the author that we have an immensely limited understanding of how chronological age affects perception of space when based on sound. In the latter part of the paper, discussion is given to how auditory spatial perception is traditionally conducted in the laboratory. Theoretically, beneficial reasons exist for conducting research in the manner it has been. Nonetheless, from an ecological perspective, the vast majority of previous research can be considered unnatural and greatly lacking in ecological validity. Suggestions for an alternative and more ecologically valid approach to the investigation of auditory spatial perception are proposed. It is believed an ecological approach to auditory spatial perception will enhance our understanding of the extent to which individuals perceive sound source location and how those perceptual judgments change with an increase in chronological age.

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On the generalization of tones: A detailed exploration of non-speech auditory perception stimuli

Cited by 34 publications

References 131 publications

Effects of instructed timing on electric guitar and bass sound in groove performance

Effects of instructed timing on electric guitar and bass sound in groove performance

Acute alcohol intoxication and the cocktail party problem: do “mocktails” help or hinder?

Age and Auditory Spatial Perception in Humans: Review of Behavioral Findings and Suggestions for Future Research

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