On the Frontier: Analytical Chemistry and the Occurrence of Illicit Drugs into Surface Waters in the United States

Jones-Lepp, Tammy L.; Alvarez, David A.; Loganathan, Bommanna G.

doi:10.1002/9781118000816.ch9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…Therefore, compounds having log D OW values in the region between −1 to + 1 at a pH of 7-8 would be anticipated to be found distributed in both the water phase and organic phase during water treatment and transport. Indeed, both azithromycin and methamphetamine have been detected in the water column and in biosolids (Banta-Green et al, 2009;Jones-Lepp et al, 2011;Jones-Lepp and Stevens, 2007;Kim and Aga, 2007;Le-Minh et al, 2010;Loganathan et al, 2009). This interaction between aqueous and solid phases can also be understood by looking at the pK a s, as well as the log D OW s. For example, hydrocodone has a pK a of 8.52 (calculated using ACD/PhysChem software), indicating that it would be 50% charged and 50% neutral at pH 8.52.…”

Section: Environmental Persistence As Linked To Log D Owmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point sources of emerging contaminants along the Colorado River Basin: Source water for the arid Southwestern United States

Jones-Lepp

Sanchez

Alvarez

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

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Emerging contaminants (ECs) (e.g., pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products) have been detected in waters across the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate point sources of ECs along the Colorado River, from the headwaters in Colorado to the Gulf of California. At selected locations in the Colorado River Basin (sites in Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and California), waste stream tributaries and receiving surface waters were sampled using either grab sampling or polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). The grab samples were extracted using solid-phase cartridge extraction (SPE), and the POCIS sorbents were transferred into empty SPEs and eluted with methanol. All extracts were prepared for, and analyzed by, liquid chromatographyelectrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-ITMS). Log D OW values were calculated for all ECs in the study and compared to the empirical data collected. POCIS extracts were screened for the presence of estrogenic chemicals using the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay. Extracts from the 2008 POCIS deployment in the Las Vegas Wash showed the second highest estrogenicity response. In the grab samples, azithromycin (an antibiotic) was detected in all but one urban waste stream, with concentrations ranging from 30 ng/L to 2800 ng/L. Concentration levels of azithromycin, methamphetamine and pseudoephedrine showed temporal variation from the Tucson WWTP. Those ECs that were detected in the main surface water channels (those that are diverted for urban use and irrigation along the Colorado River) were in the region of the limit-of-detection (e.g., 10 ng/L), but most were below detection limits.

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