On the fossil history of Pseudotsuga Carr. (Pinaceae) in Europe

Kunzmann, Lutz

doi:10.1007/s12549-014-0156-x

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The lower epidermis remained firmly attached to the leaf tissue in spite of strong maceration. Cathaya is fairly similar to the fossils discussed but lacks papillae within stomatal bands and has quadrangular polar subsidiary cells (Kunzmann 2014). Delicate deciduous needle foliage of Pseudolarix Gordon may recall Pseudotsuga kinkelinii but has stomatal zones smooth.…”

Section: Fig 2mmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…1-6) referred needle fragments from the late Miocene of Poland with similar epidermal structure to Podocarpus. Foliage of Pseudotsuga kinkelinii co-occurs with seed cones recently investigated by Kunzmann (2014) and assigned to Pseudotsuga loehrii (Geyler et Kinkelin) L. Kunzmann.…”

Section: Fig 2mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five papers dealing with material from the Pliocene of Frankfurt, namely on leaves of Fagus (Kvaček and Walther 1991;Denk 2004), seed cones of Pinus timleri (Kvaček et al 2014a, b), Pseudotsuga loehrii (Kunzmann 2014), and leaves of Ginkgo (Denk and Velitzelos 2002) have been published after the classical paper by Mädler (1939); they are considered in the systematic part.…”

Section: Duplicate Materials and Unpublished Materials Of The Pliocene mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These records are not treated in the systematic part below. For the seed cones of Pinus, the revisions by Mai (1986) and Kvaček et al (2014a), b) and for Keteleeria loehri (Geyler et Kinkelin) Kinkelin, the revision by Kunzmann (2014) are accepted.…”

Section: Pinaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most modern species have shorter needles. Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr from southern California is most similar by seed cone morphology to P. loehrii (Kunzmann 2014) as well as to P. kinkelinii by needles up to 50 mm or even 60-80 mm long with acute tips. This modern species grows also in riparian habitats along with Acer macrophyllum Pursh and Populus trichocarpa Torrey et A.…”

Section: Fig 2mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main, Germany: taxonomy, palaeoenvironments and biogeographic affinities

Kvaček

Teodoridis

Denk

2019

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main described by Karl Mädler during the first half of the twentieth century is a key flora for the European Pliocene. In the present study, we revised the leaf fossil taxa described by Mädler and investigated plant material collected after Mädler's publication. The revised and augmented floral list comprises seven new species and some new combinations of taxa described by Mädler. In total, 16 gymnosperm species in 15 genera and 73 angiosperm species (of which 15 could not be assigned to a genus) in 40 genera are recognised in the leaf record. Main characteristics of the flora are the high diversity of conifers, the diverse assemblage of exclusively deciduous Fagaceae, including six species of oaks, and the high diversity of Rosaceae. These features indicate cool temperate climatic conditions (comparable to Lugano in southern Switzerland). Angiosperm genera that are today confined to North America and/or East Asia (Eucommia, Magnolia and Sassafras) also are deciduous, whereas evergreen taxa are shrubs typical of the understorey (Buxus, Ilex, Pachysandra, Prunus lusitanica type) and Viscum. Eighteen taxa recorded in the Pliocene of Frankfurt am Main are today absent from western Eurasia and eastern North America, and 25 taxa are absent from western North America. This shows (i) a strong biogeographic link of the Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main with East Asia, (ii) surprisingly high levels of speciation (Pliocene endemisms) and (iii) that the European flora was more diverse in woody species shortly before the onset of major Pleistocene glaciations than today.

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Section: Fig 2mmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Fig 2mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Duplicate Materials and Unpublished Materials Of The Pliocene mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pinaceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 2mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main, Germany: taxonomy, palaeoenvironments and biogeographic affinities

Kvaček

Teodoridis

Denk

2019

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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Species diversity of forest floor biota in non‐native Douglas‐fir stands is similar to that of native stands

Glatthorn,

Appleby,

Balkenhol

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Cultivation of non‐native tree species is a promising option to adapt managed forests to climate change. However, consequences of non‐native tree species on flora, fauna, and microorganisms that occur in forest ecosystems (forest associates) need to be considered when managing forests. We lack a solid understanding of how cultivating non‐native tree species in pure stands and in mixture with native tree species impacts abundance and species diversity of forest associates. We compared abundance, alpha‐, beta‐ and gamma‐diversity of eight forest‐floor‐associated taxa that are relevant for ecosystem functioning (including fungi, plants, arthropods, and small mammals) between different forest ecosystems. We addressed pure stands of non‐native coniferous Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and two native species, broad‐leaved European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies), as well as mixed stands of European beech with each conifer in two regions with differing site conditions in temperate Northwest Germany. Diversity indices revealed differences among species groups. Gamma‐diversity and alpha‐diversity of forest associates in Douglas‐fir and spruce stands were usually higher than in beech stands. Estimates of species diversity of mixed stands are intermediate between estimates for the respective pure stands. Differences in the diversity between the two study regions were highly taxon specific with no clear support for a general trend toward a higher or lower species diversity of forest associates depending on site quality. Abundance values show a pattern similar to our diversity estimates, but with a higher statistical uncertainty. Non‐native Douglas‐fir stands provided habitats to support associated species communities of equally high or higher diversity than stands of native beech or spruce. Mixed stands of non‐native and native tree species may be a management option to achieve different goals, that is, to provide habitats for species that are strictly associated with beech and to increase resilience to climate change. However, the overall diversity of forest‐floor‐associated biota is not improved by cultivating Douglas‐fir or spruce in mixture with beech.

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Cathaya vanderburghii, a misnomer for European Neogene fossil cones

Zhang

Yang

2022

TAXON

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Some fossil seed cones from the European Neogene identified to the genus Cathaya and published as a fossil‐species, Cathaya vanderburghii, are shown not to belong to Cathaya. In this paper, fossil C. vanderburghii is transferred to Nothotsuga and recombined as Nothotsuga vanderburghii comb. nov. An amended diagnosis and detailed description of N. vanderburghii are given. The fossil cones are characterised by ovoid to conical shape, rhombic to suborbicular and auriculate scales, and slightly exserted ligulate‐spathulate bracts with dentate margin and acute apex.

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On the fossil history of Pseudotsuga Carr. (Pinaceae) in Europe

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main, Germany: taxonomy, palaeoenvironments and biogeographic affinities

The Pliocene flora of Frankfurt am Main, Germany: taxonomy, palaeoenvironments and biogeographic affinities

Species diversity of forest floor biota in non‐native Douglas‐fir stands is similar to that of native stands

Cathaya vanderburghii, a misnomer for European Neogene fossil cones

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