On The Formation of Somites

Lash, James W.; Ostrovsky, David

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2141-5_14

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A fibronectin matrix outlines epithelial somites in both chick and mouse and its distribution pattern in the PSM shows a more complex matrix anteriorly than posteriorly, such that it has been suggested that this matrix is progressively laid down as the PSM matures (Lash et al, 1984;Lash and Ostrovsky, 1986;Ostrovsky et al, 1983;Ostrovsky et al, 1988). Experiments involving the addition of fibronectin to dissociated chick PSM cells caused their aggregation, suggesting that fibronectin might normally play a role in compacting and/or increasing the cell-cell adhesiveness of anterior PSM cells (Lash et al, 1984;Lash et al, 1987).…”

Section: Psms Isolated From All Surrounding Tissues Form Somites If Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many authors have reported that PSMs cultured in the absence of all surrounding tissues do not form somites (Borycki et al, 1998;Borycki et al, 2000;Correia and Conlon, 2000;Lash et al, 1984;Lash and Ostrovsky, 1986;Lash and Yamada, 1986;Linker et al, 2003;Packard, 1976;Packard, 1980;Palmeirim et al, 1998). In all these studies, PSMs were isolated with pancreatin (which contains trypsin), trypsin or dispase.…”

Section: Psms Isolated From All Surrounding Tissues Form Somites If Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interactions between PSM cells and the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin have been implicated in somitogenesis (Duband et al, 1987;George et al, 1993;Lash et al, 1984;Lash and Ostrovsky, 1986;Ostrovsky et al, 1983). Fibronectin exists in plasma and cellular forms which, when assembled into a matrix, mediate a wide variety of cellular processes such as cell spreading, migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation (Pankov and Yamada, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redefining the role of ectoderm in somitogenesis: a player in the formation of the fibronectin matrix of presomitic mesoderm

et al. 2007

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The absence of ectoderm impairs somite formation in cultured presomitic mesoderm (PSM) explants, suggesting that an ectodermderived signal is essential for somitogenesis. Here we show in chick that the standard enzymatic treatments used for explant isolation destroy the fibronectin matrix surrounding the anterior PSM, which fails to form somites when cultured for 6 hours. By contrast, explants isolated with collagenase retain their fibronectin matrix and form somites under identical culture conditions. The additional presence of ectoderm enhances somite formation, whereas endoderm has no effect. Furthermore, we show that pancreatin-isolated PSM explants cultured in fibronectin-supplemented medium, form significantly more somites than control explants. Interestingly, ectoderm is the major producer of fibronectin (Fn1) transcripts, whereas all but the anterior-most region of the PSM expresses the fibronectin assembly receptor, integrin ␣5 (Itga5). We thus propose that the ectoderm-derived fibronectin is assembled by mesodermal ␣5␤1 integrin on the surface of the PSM. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of fibronectin fibrillogenesis in explants with ectoderm abrogates somitogenesis. We conclude that a fibronectin matrix is essential for morphological somite formation and that a major, previously unrecognised role of ectoderm in somitogenesis is the synthesis of fibronectin.

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Section: Psms Isolated From All Surrounding Tissues Form Somites If Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psms Isolated From All Surrounding Tissues Form Somites If Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redefining the role of ectoderm in somitogenesis: a player in the formation of the fibronectin matrix of presomitic mesoderm

et al. 2007

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“…Later stage somites are composed of the ventral sclerotome and a dorsal wall made up of 2 layers (reviewed by Lash and Ostrovsky, 1986;Keynes and Stern, 1988). The outer dermatome layer remains epithelial.…”

Section: Chick E N Expression May Be Associated With Mesodermal Cell mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of engrailed‐like proteins in the chick embryo

Gardner

Barald

1992

Developmental Dynamics

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The protein products of both of the identified chick engrailed-like (En) genes, chick En-1 and chick En-2, are localized in cells of the developing brain, mandibular arch, spinal cord, dermatome, and ventral limb bud ectoderm, as demonstrated by labeling with the polyclonal antiserum cuEnhb-1 developed by Davis et al. (Development 111:281-298, 1991). A subpopulation of cephalic neural crest cells is also En-protein-positive. The monoclonal antibody 409 recognizes the chick En-2 gene product exclusively (Patel et al.: Cell 58:955-968, 1989;Davis et al., 1991) and colocalizes with chick En-2 mRNA in the developing head region of the chick embryo as shown by in situ hybridization (Gardner et al.: J. Neurosci. Res. 21:426-437,1988). In the present study we examine the pattern of d n h b -1 and 409 localization throughout the chick embryo from the first appearance of antibody (Abbpositive cells at stage 8 (Hamburger and Hamilton: J. Morphol. 88:49-92, 1951) through stage 28 (1-5.5 days). We compare the localization patterns of the two Abs to each other, as well as to the localization of the monoclonal Ab, HNK-1, which recognizes many neural crest cells, using double-and triple-label fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Most En proteinpositive cells in the path of neural crest cell migration are not HNK-1 positive. In detailed examination of d n h b -1 and 409 localization, we find previously undetected patterns of En protein localization in the prechordal plate, hindbrain, myotome, ventral body-wall mesoderm, and extraembryonic membranes. Based upon these observations we propose: 1) that En expression in the mesoderm may be induced through interaction with En expressing cells in the neuroectoderm; 2) that En expression in the head mesenchyme is associated with somitomere 4; and 3) that En expression may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformations.Q 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…This pattern was not con firmed by Sternberg and Kimber [35] who reported coloca lization of sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans in BM structures with only sparse somite staining in mouse embryos during the initial period of neural crest migration. Among the roles attributed to these ECM components in somitogenesis is the facilitation of sclerotome migration toward the axis [9,28,29], The concept of sclerotome-cell movement, however, is still a matter of controversy [6,36]. It has been suggested that differential growth and folding of the embryo as well as HA accumulation could displace the sclerotomal cells toward the neural tube and notochord [32,36] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Extracellular Matrix during Somitogenesis in the Long-Tailed Monkey (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>)

Peterson

Pow

Wilson

et al. 1993

Cells Tissues Organs

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The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with somitogenesis (stages 10–14) in the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was examined using peroxidase immunocytochemistry. A distinct temporal and spatial staining pattern was demonstrated for each component examined. Fibronectin (FN), laminin (LM) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were associated with the somite at each developmental stage, while no chondroitin sulfate (CS) staining was evident until stages 13/14. The basement membrane and matrix fibers linking the somites to the surrounding epithelia stained for FN, LM and HA. Localization of LM and HA between somite cells was observed at each stage, whereas FN and CS reactivity within the somitic tissue was only observed between sclerotome cells at stages 13/14. Whereas FN- and HA-positive fibers surrounded the unsegmented mesoderm, HA, and to a lesser extent LM, were located within the pre-somitic tissue. Comparisons are made with earlier studies conducted in rodent and avian embryos which indicate that these ECM components may play a regulatory role in primate somitogenesis.

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On The Formation of Somites

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Redefining the role of ectoderm in somitogenesis: a player in the formation of the fibronectin matrix of presomitic mesoderm

Redefining the role of ectoderm in somitogenesis: a player in the formation of the fibronectin matrix of presomitic mesoderm

Expression patterns of engrailed‐like proteins in the chick embryo

Characterization of the Extracellular Matrix during Somitogenesis in the Long-Tailed Monkey (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>)

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