On the formation of Dodd-Frank Act derivatives regulations

Abstract

Following the 2007-2009 financial crisis, governments around the world passed laws that marked the beginning of new period of enhanced regulation of the financial industry. These laws called for a myriad of new regulations, which in the U.S. are created through the so-called notice-and-comment process. Through examining the text documents generated through this process, we study the formation of regulations to gain insight into how new regulatory regimes are implemented following major laws like the landmark Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Due to the variety of constituent preferences and political pressures, we find evidence that the government implements rules strategically to extend the regulatory boundary by first pursuing procedural rules that establish how economic activities will be regulated, followed by specifying who is subject to the procedural requirements. Our findings together with the unique nature of the Dodd-Frank Act translate to a number of stylized facts that should guide development of formal models of the rule-making process.

Effect of Yogic Activities on Selected Physiological and Psychological Parameters Among STEM Undergraduates

“…The intervention consisted of physical postures, breathing exercises, relaxation techniques and meditation. The pilot trial demonstrated an improvement of HRV with more parasympathetic dominance and overall higher HRV after yoga interventions compared to regular school sports, assuming an improved selfregulation of the autonomic nervous system as a result of the yoga course (35).…”

“…emotional regulation ( 26), ( 28), (29); Cognitive regulation (26); and behavioral regulation through mindfulness meditation (27); and executive functions (28). Physiologically yoga has been effective in reducing the heart rate (33); blood pressure (34); and increasing heart rate variability with parasympathetic dominance (35), (36); and reducing associated stress. Thus, the yoga practices are heterogenous and incorporate diverse components that are investigated in sufficiently (40).…”