On the Formation of a Convergent Cloud Band over the Japan Sea in Winter; Numerical Experiments

Nagata, Masashi; Ikawa, Motohki; Yoshizumi, Sadao; Yoshida, T.

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.64.6_841

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recently a polar low developed over the Japan Sea was described by and Nic1992, Meteorological Society of Japan nomiya and . In numerical studies, Nagata et al (1986), Nagata (1987), Ikawa et al (1987), and Sasaki and Satomura (1991) simulated snow convective bands over the Japan Sea. The above studies described the synoptic conditions and dynamical structure of mesoscale disturbances in winter monsoon which caused graupel and snow precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Characteristics of Graupel Precipitation over the Japan Islands

Mizuno¹

1992

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The occurrence and amount of graupel precipitation over the Japan Islands are studied using routine surface observation data at 150 stations.The results of statistical analysis of the annual and monthly number of days with graupel for 1971-1986 in the geographical map and in annual cycles show that graupel fall is predominant in winter over the Japan Sea coastal area in Tohoku and Hokuriku District.Furthermore, monthly precipitation amount of graupel in January for 1982-1986 at five stations in the coastal area are statistically estimated to be at least one-fourth to one-third of the monthly precipitation amount. Based on the statistical results of graupel precipitation, weather modification potential by cloud seeding is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Characteristics of Graupel Precipitation over the Japan Islands

Mizuno¹

1992

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…The previous studies showed that cold outbreaks behind a synoptic cyclone respond to the lower boundary conditions to form the JPCZ (Nagata et al 1986;Nagata 1991). This indicates that a synoptic situation in the lower troposphere is also a factor to determine a location of the downstream part of the JPCZ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Using satellite data, Yagi et al (1986) suggested that the blocking of the mountains north of Korea under a stable stratification forms a convergence on the lee side of the mountains. Nagata et al (1986) and Nagata (1991) studied the formation mechanisms for the JPCZ using the same primitive model as that used in Nagata (1987). They revealed that both of the land-sea thermal contrasts and the blocking effect of the mountains north of Korea contribute to the formation of the JPCZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift and Intensification Processes of the Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone Associated with the Passage of a Mid-Tropospheric Cold Core

Ohigashi

Tsuboki

2007

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A mid-tropospheric mesoscale cold core passed over the Sea of Japan on 14 January 2001 during a cold air outbreak. In association with the passage of the cold core, intensification and northward and southward shifts of the Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone (JPCZ) were observed. In order to clarify a response of the JPCZ to a change of upper-level environment, the shift and intensification processes associated with the passage of the cold core were studied mainly using a non-hydrostatic cloudresolving model.When the cold core approached the JPCZ, the JPCZ was intensified and shifted northward. The intensification of the JPCZ is caused by a change in a decrease of convective stability associated with the passage of the cold core. As a ridge of potential temperature is formed along the intensified updraft of the JPCZ, a leeward region of the JPCZ is locally heated by the horizontal advection in a westerly wind, which is predominant in the upper levels. This hydrostatically reduces the low-level pressure in the north of the JPCZ, and increases the wind speed blowing into the JPCZ from the south. The divergence equation indicates that the abrupt change in the pressure as well as the adjusted wind fields cause the northward shift of the JPCZ.In contrast, the JPCZ decayed and shifted southward when the cold core moved away from the JPCZ. The pressure decrease, which occurred in the north of the JPCZ, is not maintained during the southward shift, and the pressure gradient across the JPCZ becomes relatively uniform. This results in the decrease of the wind speed blowing into the JPCZ from the south, and the JPCZ shifted southward due to the advection.

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“…1), the cold air mass crossing the sea becomes modified by the rich heat and moisture fluxes from the warm sea surface below, resulting in instability and convection in the boundary layer (e.g., Ninomiya, 1968;Jhun et al, 1994). Furthermore, if the winds over the sea are relatively strong and persistent, the convection can organize into snowbands, leading to the heavy snowfall on the windward (East Sea facing) side of the Korean Peninsula and the Japan Islands (Nagata et al, 1986;Seo and Jhun, 1991;Lee and Lee, 1994). This often leads to heavy snowfall over short periods of time in the absence of a synoptic scale trough or low system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on a snowband associated with a coastal front and cold-air damming event of 3–4 February 1998 along the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula

Lee¹,

Xue

2013

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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A 24-h simulation with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) nonhydrostatic model is performed for the heavy snowfall event of 3-4 February 1998 along the eastern coast of Korean Peninsula; the results are used to understand the snowfall process, including why the precipitation maxima formed along the Yeongdong coastal region rather than over the mountain slope and ridge top during.The numerical simulation with a 4-km horizontal grid spacing and 43 levels reproduces very well the narrow snowband located off the eastern Korean coast, away from, instead of over, the Yeongdong coastal mountain range. The general evolution of the snowband agrees quite well with radar observations, while the water-equivalent precipitation amount agrees reasonably well with radar precipitation estimate. The simulation results clearly show that the snow band developed due to the lifting by a coastal front that developed because of the damming of cold air against the eastern slope of the coastal mountain range. The damming was enhanced by the advection of cold air by a low-level mountain-parallel jet from the north, formed due to geostrophic adjustment as the on-shore upslope air was decelerated by the mountain blocking. As the onshore flow weakened later due to synoptic-scale flow pattern change, the cold front propagated off shore and the precipitation dissipated.

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On the Formation of a Convergent Cloud Band over the Japan Sea in Winter; Numerical Experiments

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Statistical Characteristics of Graupel Precipitation over the Japan Islands

Statistical Characteristics of Graupel Precipitation over the Japan Islands

Shift and Intensification Processes of the Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone Associated with the Passage of a Mid-Tropospheric Cold Core

A study on a snowband associated with a coastal front and cold-air damming event of 3–4 February 1998 along the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula

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