On the form drag coefficient under ridged ice: Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations from ideal scaling to real ice conditions

Comparing Observations and Parameterizations of Ice‐Ocean Drag Through an Annual Cycle Across the Beaufort Sea

“…While used as fitting parameters here, c f and c k should be reflective of the individual geometries of the floe edges and keels. For example, the value of c k = 0.4 found with this method corresponds to a keel slope angle of 19.6° based on the fit to experimental results by Zu et al (2020) (noting that their definition of C k introduces a factor of π/2 difference in values of c k compared to this study), which is close to the mean keel slope of first year ridges of α k = 26.6° found by Timco and Burden (1997), and the value of α k = 22° used in the parameterization by Tsamados et al (2014).…”

“…There are a number of changes between the schemes (see Table 2), however, most of the improvement is made by simply choosing more appropriate values of the coefficients of resistance c f and c k . While those are chosen here with a slightly ad hoc fitting method (using multiple linear regression; see Section 3.4), determining appropriate ranges for these values is a subject of ongoing research (e.g., Zu et al, 2020). In addition to these coefficients, the parameterization schemes tested include a number of other constants whose values are not fully constrained that could be used to tune the modeled drag coefficients: c s , s l , z 0w , z 0i , m w .…”