On-the-fly surface manufacturability constraints for freeform optical design enabled by orthogonal polynomials

Takaki, Nick; Bauer, Aaron; Rolland, Jannick P.

doi:10.1364/oe.27.006129

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A final constraint that is applied is to penalize the magnitude of the freeform departures from the base Cartesian reflector. 14 These constraints do not necessarily guarantee that a system will be confocal (especially if the base conics are not being used confocally in the system), but reduced departures may facilitate a Hindle test in surface metrology.…”

Section: Conical Optics Strict Vs Approximate Confocality and Freefor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging confocality and Cartesian reflectors in freeform optical designs

Papa,

Takaki,

Schiesser

2023

International Optical Design Conference 2023

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Section: Conical Optics Strict Vs Approximate Confocality and Freefor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging confocality and Cartesian reflectors in freeform optical designs

Papa,

Takaki,

Schiesser

2023

International Optical Design Conference 2023

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“…Generally the squared sum of the polynomial coefficients is used as a penalty to constrain the surface shapes described by orthogonal polynomials such as Q-type [16,17] , Zernikes, Legendre and etc [18] . For Qbfs and Q-2D, the square sum of coefficients represents the mean-square gradient normal departure, and the square sum of Zernike polynomial coefficients represents the surface'mean-square sag departure [19] . This is because Qbfs and Q-2D polynomial are orthogonal in gradient normal departure while Zernikes are orthogonal in sag departure.…”

Section: Freeform Surface Complexity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative optical design combining freeform optics and curved-freeform sensors

Liu

Lombardo

Muslimov

et al. 2022

Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation V

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Innovative optical designs combing freeform optics and curved freeform sensors will be key elements to improve the optical performance and reduce the overall manufacturing and testing pressure of optical complex systems. In this paper, three version of unobscured all-reflective TMA-type telescopes (D=10cm, FOV=7°×7°) will be designed separately with flat sensor, spherical sensor and freeform sensor. Then, we will analyze and compare their imaging quality (RMS spot radius) and surface complexity (PV sag departure and Max slop departure) to demonstrate the advantage of freeform sensor applied in the off-axis optical system. Finally, we make comparison on sensitivity analysis of surface error between mirror surfaces and freeform sensor surfaces to prove that the manufacturing pressure of the sensor did not increase even though its surface complexity increased. We expect that such a design has a great potential to be applied in the space weather monitoring and solar system planetary exploration drones.

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“…We take the stance that the manufacturability of the presented designs is out of the scope of this survey, but believe it is a critical aspect to consider when evaluating a final design. Manufacturability of an FF is a function of the specific fabrication method such as single-point diamond turning, magnetorheological finishing, or computer-controlled optical surfacing, 20,21 vendor expertise, metrology method, substrate material, budget, and surface requirements among others. Of particular attention is the slope of the surface, which can be problematic when using FF surfaces.…”

Section: Survey Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design form classification of two-mirror unobstructed freeform telescopes

et al. 2020

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We present a general optical design survey of two-mirror unobstructed plane-symmetric freeform (FF) telescopes to provide a standardized framework and reference for further developments in the field of FF optics. We find that there are fundamentally two main design forms: those that use a positive tilt of the secondary and those that employ a negative rotation to achieve the unobstructed condition. Utilizing this survey, results can be categorized into simple groups of two-mirror unobstructed FF telescopes, analogous to the distinction between a Gregorian-type telescope and Cassegrain-type telescope. Allowing FF surfaces in optical design can enable more compact telescopes while potentially improving the image quality and allowing wider fields of view (FOVs). We define a FF optic as a nonrotationally symmetric mirror or lens, typically with large departures from a best-fit spherical surface (many microns or even millimeters). New manufacturing and testing methods have enabled the production of these types of surfaces. The telescopes we present maintain a 4∶1 aspect ratio of the FOV and utilize X-Y polynomials for mirror surface description. We impose a plane symmetric constraint on the system and an accessible entrance pupil. We generate charts documenting the relationship between FOV and F∕# for the presented optical design forms. We also compare our results to a baseline rotationally symmetric system. These results provide a general method of evaluating baseline designs for two-mirror unobstructed FF telescopes.

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On-the-fly surface manufacturability constraints for freeform optical design enabled by orthogonal polynomials

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Leveraging confocality and Cartesian reflectors in freeform optical designs

Leveraging confocality and Cartesian reflectors in freeform optical designs

Innovative optical design combining freeform optics and curved-freeform sensors

Design form classification of two-mirror unobstructed freeform telescopes

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