On the Feasibility of Wireless Shadowing Correlation Models

Abstract

Abstract-There is emerging interest in more detailed models for wireless shadowing, which may include nonconstant shadowing variance, non-lognormal shadowing, and, most importantly, correlation between paths; we focus on this last aspect. This paper offers a structured synthesis of the existing literature on autocorrelation and cross-correlation in wireless shadowing and attempts to fill existing gaps in the analysis of correlation models. We make a survey of these models and argue, as has previously been observed, that certain models are not mathematically feasible, which may lead to problems in simulations or analysis. We then state some theorems that test whether the models are positive semidefinite, which is the central necessary condition for feasibility, and evaluate the existing models accordingly. Additionally, we evaluate the models according to their physical plausibility, which leads us to choose one model among many as arguably the best one in existence so far. This paper should be useful as a guide on how to implement shadowing correlation in one's work, how to choose an appropriate correlation model, and how to modify existing models or create new models so that they fulfill mathematical feasibility.

Measurements and Analysis of Large-Scale Fading Characteristics in Curved Subway Tunnels at 920 MHz, 2400 MHz, and 5705 MHz

“…This study is of interested in designing handover algorithms, evaluating performances of macro-diversity schemes, and controlling interference power [55].…”

Reliability evaluation of 5G C/U-plane decoupled architecture for high-speed railway

“…As a consequence, the shadow fading of macro and small cells are cross-correlated. Based on [15,16], cross-correlation of shadow fading can be explained by a partial overlap of the large-scale propagation medium as shown in Figure 3, and non-overlapping propagation areas are considered independent.…”

Optimization of relay placement and power allocation for decode-and-forward cooperative relaying over correlated shadowed fading channels

“…The first type of correlation, often referred to as auto-correlation, represents the correlation between two links with a common start node and different end nodes. Correspondingly, the second type of correlation, often referred to as cross-correlation, represents the correlation between two links with a common end node and different start nodes [10]. As such, the shadowing between the source-destination and source-relay links is autocorrelated, and that between the source-destination and relay-destination links is cross-correlated.…”

“…The large-scale fading, also *Correspondence: hanliang_tjnu@163.com College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China known as shadowing, is caused by obstacles, e.g., buildings and hills, between the transmitter and receiver, and often modeled by a lognormal distribution. In realistic environments, the source, relay, and destination are distributed in different locations, and thus, the effects of shadowing between any two of them are more likely to be different and correlated, which has also been demonstrated by empirical measurements [9,10]. In [11], the authors investigated the bit error rate of single-relay AF relaying over lognormal channels.…”