On the fast BSS transition algorithms in the IEEE 802.11r local area wireless networks

Machan, P.; Woźniak, J.

doi:10.1007/s11235-011-9590-5

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…If the standards IEEE 802.11k/r/v become more commonly implemented, these can also be used [1] [10]. A crowd movement model, as well as more realistic traffic generation can be added.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Network-Driven Multi-Access-Point Load-Balancing Algorithm for Large-Scale Public Hotspots

Bosch

Braem

Latré

2015

Intelligent Mechanisms for Network Configuration and Security

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Abstract. Wireless networks are getting more and more popular and are a basic part of our life with the daily use of smartphones. Users expect high quality connectivity even in public spaces where a high number of clients connect to a limited spectrum on a geographically small area. Therefore, large-scale, high density wireless networks, like they are present at events, are getting more common, but provide a serious resource allocation challenge. Thousands of clients want to connect to a network consisting of multiple APs and a limited spectrum, while all of them should receive a decent connection quality, throughput and delay. Therefore, none of the APs should be overloaded, so that they can provide service for each connected client. The IEEE 802.11 standard stipulates that the client makes the decision to which AP to connect to. In high-density networks, the individual decision of the client can lead to an AP overload and oscillations in AP association as a client typically has limited information about the network performance and does not collaborate with other clients in taking its decision. This provides unwanted behaviour for load-balancing, as there is no control over the clients. Therefore, we present a method where the APs get control over the client and realise load balancing in such a network. The AP evaluates through a score if the client can connect and, if the client is connected, checks regularly if it is the best option for the client.

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“…If the standards IEEE 802.11k/r/v become more commonly implemented, these can also be used [1] [10]. A crowd movement model, as well as more realistic traffic generation can be added.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IEEE 802.11-2012 includes the standards previously known as IEEE 802.11k, r and v, which are targeting roaming and information gathering [1] [10]. IEEE 802.11v offers the possibility for the AP to suggest a client to move to another AP, but it is still the client, which decides if it will follow the suggestion.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Network-Driven Multi-Access-Point Load-Balancing Algorithm for Large-Scale Public Hotspots

Bosch

Braem

Latré

2015

Intelligent Mechanisms for Network Configuration and Security

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“…The legacy handover process included in the IEEE 802.11 standard is a hard-handover mechanism in which the communication can be interrupted up to a few seconds [28]. Even though the IEEE 802.11r amendment includes mechanisms to speed up the conventional authentication phase, it is shown in [29], [30] that the interruption in the communication is still between 13 ms and 30 ms during the handover. Moreover, the analysis made in [30] is only valid when a re-association occurs.…”

Section: ) Ieee 80211 Standard-based Handover Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Evaluation of a Wired/Wireless Hybrid Architecture for Distributed Control Systems With Mobility Requirements

Fernandez¹,

Seijo²,

Mendicute

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Wireless communications offer significant benefits over wired communications, which has increased their popularity in industrial applications. Nevertheless, the existing wireless standard technologies do not satisfy the requirements demanded by the most critical industrial applications and thus, wired communications cannot be directly replaced by wireless solutions. Moreover, the inclusion of movable nodes in the network brings new challenges, such as the handover mechanism. In this paper, a hybrid wired/wireless architecture designed for industrial control applications is proposed. To control the wired network, a timesensitive network (TSN) is used and to control the wireless network a medium access control (MAC) protocol is designed. In order to communicate both networks, a bridge that acts as a deterministic access point (AP) with real-time features is also proposed. One of the fundamental parts of the proposed architecture is that it can be used in applications with mobility requirements. Hence, a soft-handover algorithm is designed which guarantees uninterrupted communication during its execution without the need for a second radio interface and with reduced growth in network overhead. The proposed architecture is evaluated in order to assess its performance. This paper extends our previous work, including both a theoretical analysis to determine the delay bounds of the proposed architecture and a comparison between the performances of the proposed handover algorithm with other algorithms proposed in the literature. The evaluation has been carried out through OMNeT++ simulations. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed handover algorithm compared with other state-of-the-art solutions. INDEX TERMSHandover, IEEE 802.11, industrial communications, industrial wireless sensor and actuator networks, real-time communications, SHARP, TSN, wireless communications. ZALOA FERNÁNDEZ received the B.Sc. degree in telecommunications systems engineering and the M.Sc. degree in embedded systems from the University of Mondragon, Spain, in 2014 and 2016, respectively. She is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Communications Systems Group, IKERLAN Technological Research Centre, Mondragón, Spain, in collaboration with the Signal Theory and Communications Group, University of Mondragon, Spain. Her research interest includes reliable wireless time-critical communications for industrial automation applications. ÓSCAR SEIJO received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in telecommunications engineering from the University of Oviedo, Spain, in 2015 and 2017, respectively. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Communications Systems Group of IKERLAN Technological Research Centre, Mondragón, Spain, in collaboration with the Signal Theory and Communications (TSC) Group, University of Oviedo, Spain. His research interests include wireless high-performance PHY and MAC design for industrial applications, time synchronization over wireless systems, and digital signal processing. MIKEL MENDICUTE received the B.S...

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“…The FT handshake is based on the 4-way handshake [5], but there are no formal security analysis of it. Instead, existing works focus on the performance of the handshake, examples being [11,46]. Several works study authentication mechanisms which negotiate master keys (PMKs) [19,21,59,75].…”

Section: Wi-fi and Network Protocol Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Reinstallation Attacks

Vanhoef

Piessens

2017

Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

266

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We introduce the key reinstallation attack. This attack abuses design or implementation flaws in cryptographic protocols to reinstall an already-in-use key. This resets the key's associated parameters such as transmit nonces and receive replay counters. Several types of cryptographic Wi-Fi handshakes are affected by the attack.All protected Wi-Fi networks use the 4-way handshake to generate a fresh session key. So far, this 14-year-old handshake has remained free from attacks, and is even proven secure. However, we show that the 4-way handshake is vulnerable to a key reinstallation attack. Here, the adversary tricks a victim into reinstalling an already-in-use key. This is achieved by manipulating and replaying handshake messages. When reinstalling the key, associated parameters such as the incremental transmit packet number (nonce) and receive packet number (replay counter) are reset to their initial value. Our key reinstallation attack also breaks the PeerKey, group key, and Fast BSS Transition (FT) handshake. The impact depends on the handshake being attacked, and the data-confidentiality protocol in use. Simplified, against AES-CCMP an adversary can replay and decrypt (but not forge) packets. This makes it possible to hijack TCP streams and inject malicious data into them. Against WPA-TKIP and GCMP the impact is catastrophic: packets can be replayed, decrypted, and forged. Because GCMP uses the same authentication key in both communication directions, it is especially affected.Finally, we confirmed our findings in practice, and found that every Wi-Fi device is vulnerable to some variant of our attacks. Notably, our attack is exceptionally devastating against Android 6.0: it forces the client into using a predictable all-zero encryption key.

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On the fast BSS transition algorithms in the IEEE 802.11r local area wireless networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

A Network-Driven Multi-Access-Point Load-Balancing Algorithm for Large-Scale Public Hotspots

A Network-Driven Multi-Access-Point Load-Balancing Algorithm for Large-Scale Public Hotspots

Analysis and Evaluation of a Wired/Wireless Hybrid Architecture for Distributed Control Systems With Mobility Requirements

Key Reinstallation Attacks

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