On-the-farm incidence and nature of equine dystocias

Ginther, O.J.; Williams, Deborah

doi:10.1016/s0737-0806(96)80131-6

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Most studies have focused on the mechanistic effects of the mares on foaling: McCue and Ferris (2012) and Ginther and Williams (1996) showed that abnormal foetal postures and longer stage II labour increased mortality. Gestation length is also a well-known factor: McCue and Ferris (2012) found higher SB rates for short or long gestation lengths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental analysis of dystocia and stillbirths in draft horses

Sabbagh¹,

Danvy²

2014

Animal

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Genetic parameters and environmental factors were estimated for foaling ease (FE) and stillbirths (SBs) in four breeds of draft horses based on 11 229, 38 877, 35 764 and 13 274 FE and SB scores recorded between 1998 and 2010 for Ardennais (A), Breton (B), Comtois (C) and Percheron (P), respectively. Incidences for the three FE categories were: easy or without help 91.0% (A) to 95.4% (B), difficult 3.4% (B) to 7.1% (A) and intervention of a veterinarian 1.1% (B) to 1.9% (A). The frequency of SB ranged between 5.4% (B) and 9.4% (A). A multiple-trait threshold animal model was used that included the effects of sex of foal, region, month, year of foaling, combined maternal age and parity, direct genetic, maternal genetic and permanent environments. Estimates were obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Gibbs sampling. The most unfavourable effect was first parity, which decreased the probability of easy foaling to 78.6% for A and 88.3% for B. Interaction with age showed that the risk for first foaling for mares aged 3 years was higher than at 4 or 5 to 9 years. This was also observed for SB with an increased probability of SB at first foaling of 17.9% (A) or 9.6% (B). The most unfavourable month was found to be the most frequent month for foaling (April) and not the most demanding months weather-wise (winter). For FE, direct heritabilities were A 0.27 (0.06), B 0.14 (0.03), C 0.18 (0.03) and P 0.18 (0.04), and maternal heritabilities were A 0.25 (0.06), B 0.19 (0.04), C 0.12 (0.03) and P 0.21 (0.06). Genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were A −0.29 (0.14), B −0.39 (0.12), C −0.09 (0.14) and P −0.54 (0.17). For SB, direct heritabilities were A 0.52 (0.09), B 0.42 (0.04), C 0.28 (0.04) and P 0.39 (0.05), and maternal heritabilities were A 0.25 (0.05), B 0.10 (0.02), C 0.07 (0.02) and P 0.14 (0.02). Genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were A −0.85 (0.06), B −0.63 (0.06), C −0.64 (0.11) and P −0.69 (0.06). Direct genetic correlations between FE and SB traits were A 0.60 (0.10), B 0.58 (0.10), C 0.36 (0.10) and P 0.29 (0.15). Maternal genetic correlations between FE and SB traits were A 0.67 (0.10), B 0.47 (0.13), C 0.28 (0.15) and P 0.39 (0.15). These estimates are posterior means of the Gibbs samples and are within the upper limits of comparable results reported in cattle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental analysis of dystocia and stillbirths in draft horses

Sabbagh¹,

Danvy²

2014

Animal

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“…Appearance of the translucent fluid-filled amnion at the vulva lips can be expected to occur within 5 min of rupture of the chorioallantois (Ginther and Williams 1996). Passage of the fetus into the pelvic inlet initiates a reflex release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary, thereby enhancing uterine contractility.…”

Section: Normal Parturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the foal may sometimes be delivered with a portion of the sac wrapped around its head (Ginther and Williams 1996). The amniotic sac usually ruptures during these expulsive efforts.…”

Section: Normal Parturitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal parturition and evaluation of the mare in dystocia

Frazer

Perkins

Embertson

1999

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…In equine reproduction, dystocia can occur due to factors such as fetal displacement, inadequate size between a dam and a fetus, and uterine torsion [4, 17] and may result in death of the foal if no assistance is provided [7]. Dystocia is more prevalent in heavy draft horses than in light breed horses [4, 17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of dystocia on blood gas parameters, acid-base balance and serum lactate concentration in heavy draft newborn foals

Kimura

Aoki

Chibá

et al. 2017

JES

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Dystocia is often lethal for neonatal foals; however, its clinicopathological features remain largely unknown. We investigated the effect of dystocia on the foal blood profile. Venous blood samples were collected from 35 foals (5 Percheron and 30 crossbreds between Percheron, Belgian, and Breton heavy draft horses) at 0 hr, 1 hr, 12 hr and 1 day after birth. Dystocia was defined as prolonged labor >30 min with strong fetal traction with or without fetal displacement. The dystocia group (n=13) showed lower mean values for pH (P<0.01), bicarbonate (P<0.01), total carbon dioxide (P<0.05), and base excess (P<0.01) and higher mean values for anion gap (P<0.05) and lactate (P<0.01) immediately after birth than the normal group (n=22). Remarkably high pCO2 values (>90 mmHg) were observed in three foals in the dystocia group but in none of the foals in the normal birth group immediately after birth. These results suggest that dystocia results in lactic acidosis and may be related to respiratory distress.

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On-the-farm incidence and nature of equine dystocias

Cited by 46 publications

References 2 publications

Genetic and environmental analysis of dystocia and stillbirths in draft horses

Genetic and environmental analysis of dystocia and stillbirths in draft horses

Normal parturition and evaluation of the mare in dystocia

Effects of dystocia on blood gas parameters, acid-base balance and serum lactate concentration in heavy draft newborn foals

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