On the expansion of biological functions of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases

Abstract

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) constitute an enigmatic class of enzymes, the discovery of which has opened up a new arena of riveting research. LPMOs can oxidatively cleave the glycosidic bonds found in carbohydrate polymers enabling the depolymerisation of recalcitrant biomasses, such as cellulose or chitin. While most studies have so far mainly explored the role of LPMOs in a (plant) biomass conversion context, alternative roles and paradigms begin to emerge. In the present review, we propose a historical perspective of LPMO research providing a succinct overview of the major achievements of LPMO research over the past decade. This journey through LPMOs landscape leads us to dive into the emerging biological functions of LPMOs and LPMO-like proteins. We notably highlight roles in fungal and oomycete plant pathogenesis (e.g. potato late blight), but also in mutualistic/commensalism symbiosis (e.g. ectomycorrhizae). We further present the potential importance of LPMOs in other microbial pathogenesis including diseases caused by bacteria (e.g. pneumonia), fungi (e.g. human meningitis), oomycetes and viruses (e.g. entomopox), as well as in (micro)organism development (including several plant pests). Our assessment of the literature leads to the formulation of outstanding questions, promising for the coming years exciting research and discoveries on these moonlighting proteins.

The crystal structure of CbpD clarifies substrate-specificity motifs in chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases

“…Based upon their sequence similarity, all CBM33 enzymes, including CbpD, were reclassified into the auxiliary activity 10 (AA10) family (Levasseur et al, 2013). LPMOs have now been found in bacterial (Vaaje-Kolstad et al, 2010), plant (Shukla et al, 2016;Yadav et al, 2019), fungal (Quinlan et al, 2011;Beeson et al, 2012), archaeal (Li et al, 2022), insect (Sabbadin et al, 2018) and viral (Chiu et al, 2015) genomes and are classified into families AA9-AA11 and AA13-AA17 (Vandhana et al, 2022).…”

Secreted Aeromonas GlcNAc binding protein GbpA stimulates epithelial cell proliferation in the zebrafish intestine

“…Our results demonstrate that the capacity of GbpA to stimulate intestinal epithelial proliferation is intrinsic to this secreted bacteria protein independent of bacterial adhesion or colonization. These finding contribute to a growing appreciation for the role of LPMOs in microbial-host interactions 22 .…”

Emergence of Visual Merchandising Practices in Organized Retail Industry in Pondicherry With Special Reference to Departmental Stores

“…5) Analyze sales impact and identify potential customers based on store layout and visual merchandising impact. [10] supported the idea that color and lighting are essential for visual merchandising. Most shoppers responded positively to the colors and lighting used in the store, and frequent shoppers had a higher positive response to the lighting and colors used, indicating that color and lighting were positive for customer loyalty.…”