“…The theory of volume averaging (2) of the flows in porous media was developed in large detail and applied to several important processes (Hassanizadeh and Gray, 1980;Quintard and Whitaker, 1994d;Bennethum and Cushman, 2002a,b;Kechagia et al, 2002;Coutelieris et al, 2006;Valdez-Parada et al, 2007;Valdez-Parada and Alvarez-Ramirez, 2011;Soulaine et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2015;De Los Santos-Sánchez et al, 2016;Qiu et al, 2017). The fundamental theorems have been proven and extensively discussed (Tosun and Willis, 1982;Gray, 1982;Cushman, 1983Cushman, , 1985Howes and Whitaker, 1985;Mls, 1987;Whitaker, 1999;Wood, 2013;Gray and Miller, 2014). The methods for the closure of the systems of governing equations of the macroscale were developed (Narasimhan, 1980;Crapiste et al, 1986;Hassanizadeh and Gray, 1990;Whitaker, 1999), and the coefficients in these equations were expressed in terms of the averaged fluctuation characteristics of the microscale.…”