On the Evolutionary Advantages and Disadvantages of Fruit Eating in Tropical Birds

Morton, Eugene S.

doi:10.1086/282813

Cited by 223 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Total frugivores (Morton, 1973), specialized frugivores (McKey, 1975) or specialists 2. Partial frugivores (Morton, 1973), opportunistic frugivores (McKey, 1975) or generalisis 3. Seed-eaters or seed-predators.…”

Section: Ateies As a Specialized Frugivorementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generalists are characterized as animals that mainly utilize fruits as a quickly harvestable source of carbohydrates, organic acids, wa ter and possibly minerals that does not interfere much with the har vesting of proteins and lipids from other resources such as insects and meat (Morton, 1973). Generalists may be primarily or partial insectivorous or carnivorous.…”

Section: Ateies As a Specialized Frugivorementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many animals feed primarily on insects and/or meat, and only utilize fruits as a source of water, organic acids and carbohy drates (Morton, 1973). Plants depending on generalists for their dis persal may be able to attract them with relatively inexpensive, low-or unnutritious fruits (e.g., berries).…”

Section: Ateies As a Specialized Frugivorementioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat preferences, diet, feeding strategy and social organization of the black spider monkey [Ateles paniscus paniscus Linnaeus 1758] in Surinam

Roosmalen¹

1985

Acta Amaz.

215

148

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(back cover) HABITAT PREFERENCES, DIET, FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BLACK SPIDER MON KEY, ATELES PANISCUS PANISCUS, IN SURINAM.A Socioecological Field Study.This monograph reports on a 26 month socioecological study of black spider monkeys (Ateies paniscus paniscus) in the Raleighvallen -Voltzberg Nature Reserve, Surinam. It recognizes the .fun damental importance of food to the behavior and the regulation of population density fox this primate. It clarifies the complex tempo ral and spatial effects of tropical rain forest food sources on the be havior of a group of spider monkeys, concentrating on food category, food plant identity and phenology, and quantity, density and dis persion of the most important food sources. In addition, the present study describes habitat choice, optimal feeding strategy and sexual behavior of the spider monkey, and discusses implications of diet for social behavior. This study is also fundamental to conservation. Specialized in eating mature fruits, the spider monkey is a very im portant dispersal agent for many trees and lianes, particularly ca nopy species. However, the spider monkey is probably the most vulnerable monkey species in Surinam and it is disappearing ra pidly throughout the remainder of its range. Unfortunately, it is lar ge and noisy and can be easily tracked and hunted. It is largely restricted to undisturbed high forest, and consequently habitat des truction has more effect on it than on most other species. Together with its slow reproductive rate (a female gives birth only once every four or five years), this means that the species is poorly adapted to recover from exploitation. In order to implement proper measu res for conservation, data on forest type preferences, diet and so cial behavior of the species, or on closely related species, in undisturbed areas, such as the one described in this monograph, are essential tools for assessing the potential of proposed protected areas.

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Section: Ateies As a Specialized Frugivorementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ateies As a Specialized Frugivorementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Habitat preferences, diet, feeding strategy and social organization of the black spider monkey [Ateles paniscus paniscus Linnaeus 1758] in Surinam

Roosmalen¹

1985

Acta Amaz.

215

148

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“…f/avijrons foi observada se alimentando em C. adenopus, o que vem confirmar o hábito alimentar, também frugívoro, de representantes da família Picidae, sendo este gênero o mais frugívoro da família, que é caracteristicamente insetívora, como já observada por Eisenmann (1961) em C. mexicana. No sistema evolutivo ave-planta, as aves que se alimentam de frutos promovem, através de dispersão, um aumento do número de árvores e conseqentemente da produção de frutos, diminuindo a competição entre elas e permitindo que várias espécies possam se utilizar desse recurso (Morton, 1973). No entanto, algumas espécies de aves se alimentam de fru'o~para obter as sementes neles contidas, não contribuindo no desenvolvimento evolutivo da relação planta/ave (Snow, 1971), pois não dispersam as sementes (Morton, 1973).…”

Section: Discussão E Conclusãounclassified

“…No sistema evolutivo ave-planta, as aves que se alimentam de frutos promovem, através de dispersão, um aumento do número de árvores e conseqentemente da produção de frutos, diminuindo a competição entre elas e permitindo que várias espécies possam se utilizar desse recurso (Morton, 1973). No entanto, algumas espécies de aves se alimentam de fru'o~para obter as sementes neles contidas, não contribuindo no desenvolvimento evolutivo da relação planta/ave (Snow, 1971), pois não dispersam as sementes (Morton, 1973). Incluído neste grupo de predadores de sementes estão os psitacídeos, considerados mais destruidores de sementes, porque as trituram e digerem, do que dispersores (Janzen, 1981;Jordano, 1983).…”

Section: Discussão E Conclusãounclassified

Comportamento alimentar de aves em Cecropia (Moraceae), em mata atlântica, no Estado de São Paulo

Marcondes-Machado

Oliveira

1987

Rev. Bras. Zool.

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Fruit choice by red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in a tropical rain forest

Julliot

1996

Am. J. Primatol.

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This paper presents and discusses aspects of fruit selectivity by red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in relation with morphological characteristics of fruits. These data are used to provide an answer to the following questions: which are the fruit characteristics that lead fruit choice of howler monkeys and to what extent fruit characteristics play a role in seed dispersal by monkeys? The frugivorous diet of a troop of red howler monkeys was determined during a 2‐year field study in French Guiana. The selection of fruit by howler monkeys was analyzed in relation to the fruit availability. Results showed that, although consumption followed availability, fruit species could be classified in three categories according to their selection ratio (percentage of consumption/percentage of abundance) as “high ranking,” “middle ranking,” and “low ranking” species. Also, the 97 species of fruit eaten by the monkeys were grouped according to the morphological characteristics thought to influence the monkeys' choice. This showed that howler monkeys consumed essentially fruits with juicy pulp, bright color, and a small number of well‐protected seeds. Most of high ranking species had medium‐sized fruits with yellow color, and low ranking species often had small fruits. However, howler monkeys are associated with the dispersal of seeds from fruit with a hard and indehiscent pericarp and/or large seeds, like those of the Sapotaceae family. Consequently, they can be considered as “specialized” frugivores for this fruit syndrome. © l996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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On the Evolutionary Advantages and Disadvantages of Fruit Eating in Tropical Birds

Cited by 223 publications

References 3 publications

Habitat preferences, diet, feeding strategy and social organization of the black spider monkey [Ateles paniscus paniscus Linnaeus 1758] in Surinam

Habitat preferences, diet, feeding strategy and social organization of the black spider monkey [Ateles paniscus paniscus Linnaeus 1758] in Surinam

Comportamento alimentar de aves em Cecropia (Moraceae), em mata atlântica, no Estado de São Paulo

Fruit choice by red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in a tropical rain forest

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