On the Evolution of Interpreting Strategies in Simultaneous Interpreting

Abstract

L'interprétation simultanée est une compétence procédurale dont le développement peut être observé à travers les changements intervenant sur le plan des compétences implicites et des connaissances explicites. C'est une activité ciblée qui peut être analysée sur la base des stratégies utilisées par l'interprète au service d'une intention de communication. D'abord pendant ses études et ensuite au cours de sa carrière professionnelle, l'interprète développe, renforce et continue à perfectionner un comportement stratégi-que individuel fondé sur des stratégies qu'il introduit consciemment ou inconsciemment. Les stratégies sont considérées comme un instrument utile non seulement pour décrire le processus de l'interprétation mais également les aspects didactiques, permettant d'orienter les études vers le développement d'automatismes spécifiques pour l'interprétation simultanée. ABSTRACTThis paper examines simultaneous interpreting (SI) from the viewpoint of procedural competence, whose evolution may be followed and monitored through the changes intervening within implicit and explicit tasks performed. As a goal-oriented communicative activity, SI may be analysed through the strategies applied to achieve the communicative goal. The interpreter, first during his studies and then throughout his career, develops and constantly refines a strategic behaviour integrating conscious and unconscious strategies. Strategies are a dynamic concept, useful not only for the description of process-oriented aspects of SI, but also as a teaching tool orienting the study and for devising exercises that help automatize specific interpreting solutions.

Sight Translation and Written Translation. A Comparative Analysis of Causes of Problems, Strategies and Translation Errors within the PACTE Translation Competence Model

“…It is a cognitive skill that presupposes analysis, both skills stem from the psycho-physiological components of the translation competence. The second most widely used strategy, omission, was mostly applied in ST. Omitting information is a usual feature of interpreting associated to the strategic sub-competence to make up for deficiencies, it is a usual interpreting "emergency strategy" (Riccardi, 2005).…”

Automatic Estimation of Simultaneous Interpreter Performance

“…There is an abundance of evaluation metrics available for MT including WER (Su et al), BLEU (Papineni et al, 2002), NIST (Doddington, 2002) and ME-TEOR (Denkowski and Lavie, 2014), all of which compare the similarity between reference translations and translations. Interpreter output is fundamentally different from any reference that we may use in evaluation because interpreters employ a range of economizing strategies such as segmentation, omission, generalization, and reformulation (Riccardi, 2005). As such, measuring interpretation quality by some metrics employed in MT such as BLEU can result in artificially low scores (Shimizu et al, 2013).…”

Kalbos Tempo Ir Sinchroninio Vertimo Kokybės Sąveika

“…Jos pasirinkimas priklauso nuo daugelio veiksnių: kalbų, iš kurios ir į kurią verčiama specifikos, pateikiamos informacijos intensyvumo ir tempo, atminties pajėgumo, kalbėtojo kalbėjimo manieros, vertėjo patirties ir išorinių trikdžių (Kohn, Kalina 1996, 119;Riccardi 2005). Gile'is įvardija tokius konkrečius trikdančius veiksnius: glausta ir informatyvi kalba, greitas kalbėjimo tempas, bloga garso kokybė, skaitomos kalbos, ilgi vardai, pavadinimai, daug skaičių ir kt.…”

“…Norėdami užtikrinti kokybišką vertimą, vertėjai viso vertimo metu ir ypač susidūrę su papildomais sunkumais turi spręsti, kokia informacija svarbesnė, kokias gramatines formas ir sintaksines struktūras rinktis, kad mintis būtų perteikta geriausiai (Riccardi 2005). Vis dėlto sinchroninio vertimo kokybė -ne absoliutus, o santykinis dydis, kuriam atskaitos taškas parenkamas kaskart iš naujo.…”