On the eve of Islam: archaeological evidence from Eastern Arabia

Abstract

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Fulayj: a Late Sasanian fort on the Arabian coast

“…The forts at Mleiha areas CW and H, and Ed-Dur area F, were in use until only very early in the Sasanian period (Benoist et al . 2003; Kennet 2005: 113; Mouton et al . 2012; Mouton & Schiettecatte 2014: 59–62).…”

Castles, Walls, Fortresses.The Sasanian Effort to Defend the Territory

“…12. Two fortlets in ed-Dur (KENNET 2005) Like the ed-Dur's fortlets, another construction so-called Fulayj has been brought to light in the north of Oman in the Batine coast. The Fulayj covering an area 0.09 ha was enclosed by a wall 2.65 thikness.…”

A Late Iron Age settlement in Wādī Banī Ḫālid: First season of the joint Omani‐Italian archaeological project

“…Discussions on the chronology of the LIA go back to Weisgerber (1980: 98; 1982: 82) and Vogt (1981: 243; 1984: 277). More recently, Haerinck (2003: 302), Kennet (2005: 114–116; 2007: 100), Schreiber (2007: 61), Yule (2013: 23; 2018c), Mouton & Schiettecatte (2014: 79–80), and degli Esposti et al (2019) kept alive the debate on the LIA chronology in a broader sense and, in particular, the Samad LIA chronology. Last and more convincing is Yule (2016: 35), who proposes the late first millennium BCE (around third–second centuries BCE) to 300 CE, without specifying the exact upper and lower limits because of the lack of certain absolute dates; one must add the endurance of some materials that referred to previous periods and the disparity of the sources, mostly funerary ones.…”