On the evaluation of global sea-salt aerosol models at coastal/orographic sites

Abstract

Sea-salt aerosol global models are typically evaluated against concentration observations at coastal stations that are unaffected by local surf conditions and thus considered representative of open ocean conditions. Despite recent improvements in sea-salt source functions, studies still show significant model errors in specific regions. Using a multiscale model, we investigated the effect of high model resolution (0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees vs. 1 degrees x 1.4 degrees) upon sea-salt patterns in four stations from the University of Miami Network: Baring Head, Chatam Island, and Invercargill in New Zealand, and Marion Island in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean. Normalized biases improved from +63.7% to +3.3% and correlation increased from 0.52 to 0.84. The representation of sea/land interfaces, mesoscale circulations, and precipitation with the higher resolution model played a major role in the simulation of annual concentration trends. Our results recommend caution when comparing or constraining global models using surface concentration observations from coastal stations. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Postprint (published version

Overview and preliminary results of the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) campaign

“…2; Sievering et al, 2004;Allen et al, 1997). For comparison, coarse SSA dominates the aerosol mass at Baring Head, with concentrations of 6-10 µg m −3 (Jaeglé et al, 2011;Spada et al, 2015). Similar seasonal cycles of DMS and nssSO 4 were recorded at Cape Grim (Ayers, 1991), and the observed diurnal inverse correlation between sulfur dioxide and DMS at Baring Head was applied to estimate yield and the potential contribution to aerosols (de Bruyn et al, 2002).…”

Description and evaluation of the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (NMMB-MONARCH) version 1.0: gas-phase chemistry at global scale

“…also provided a detailed evaluation of the gas-phase chemistry for the year 2010 over Europe in the context of AQMEII-Phase2. The initial model developments focused on the implementation of the mineral dust aerosol component (NMMB/BSC-Dust; Pérez et al, 2011;Haustein et al, 2012) and the sea-salt aerosol component (Spada et al, 2013(Spada et al, , 2015. The implementation and evaluation of other relevant aerosols will soon be described elsewhere (Spada et al, 2017).…”

“…The initial model developments focused on the implementation of the mineral dust aerosol component (NMMB/BSC-Dust; Pérez et al, 2011;Haustein et al, 2012) and the sea-salt aerosol component (Spada et al, 2013(Spada et al, , 2015. The implementation and evaluation of other relevant aerosols will soon be described elsewhere (Spada et al, 2017). This initiative aims at developing a fully coupled chemical multiscale (global/regional) weather prediction system that resolves gas-aerosol-meteorology interactions and provides initial and boundary conditions for embedded high-resolution nests in a unified dynamics-physicschemistry environment.…”

Influences of natural and anthropogenic particles on ambient particulate air quality during typhoon season: From Bashi Channel to Kaoping River Valley

“…As AD accompanied by typhoon outflow circulation, it could bring huge amounts of SSs from the surface of the Bashi Channel to Kaoping River Valley (Park et al, 2004;Tsai et al, 2010). Previous studies (Quinn et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2013;Spada et al, 2015) indicated that the estimated SSs are based on the assumption that Na + and Cl − are mainly derived from seawater and hence excluding the contribution from non-sea-salt ionic species (nss-WSIs) such as K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , SO 4 2− , and HCO 3 − , thereby allowing Cl loss from SSs through chemical reactions with acidic constituents of ambient particulate matter. However, Cl − is often partially depleted because of its reactions with acidic compounds such as sulphuric and nitric acids (Tsai et al, 2010).…”