On the estimation of marbles weathering by thermal action using drilling resistance

Fonseca, B. Sena da; Pinto, Ana Paula Ferreira; Rodrigues, Alexandra; Piçarra, Susana; Fonseca, Daniela Passarelo Moura da; Montemor, M.F.

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102494

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…After curing, wall painting mortar specimens were artificially weathered in order to generate decay on the samples prior to the consolidation. The ageing process consisted of several cycles of thermal weathering, following the protocol developed by Franzoni et al [21] and tested by Sena da Fonseca [22]. This artificial weathering method has been reported to induce controllable microstructural, physical and mechanical alterations, tested especially in lime-based substrates [22].…”

Section: Weathering Process Of Wall Painting Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ageing process consisted of several cycles of thermal weathering, following the protocol developed by Franzoni et al [21] and tested by Sena da Fonseca [22]. This artificial weathering method has been reported to induce controllable microstructural, physical and mechanical alterations, tested especially in lime-based substrates [22]. However, since temperatures higher than 200 • C can induce changes on the iron oxide-hydroxide (Fe 2 O 3 + Fe(OH) 3 /FeOOH) altering its aesthetic appearance (from ochre to red), Franzoni's test was adapted to lower temperatures.…”

Section: Weathering Process Of Wall Painting Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing the Undesired Surface Veiling after Nanolime Treatments on Wall Paintings: Preliminary Investigations

López-Martínez

Otero

2021

Coatings

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During the last decades, the discovery of nanolime and its introduction in the field of Cultural Heritage has entailed a significant advance for the consolidation of historic wall paintings. Nevertheless, its use is not completely generalized yet within the conservation practitioner’s community due to its undesired white veiling deposit on the surface after treatment which usually covers the pictorial layer. Given the scarcity of existing literature which specify how to mitigate this undesired side-effect, the aim of this work is to carry out the first assessment of possible cleaning and treatment methods to eliminate those deposits and, at the same time, to analyse their effects on the consolidation properties. To do that, we have developed laboratory fresco wall paintings specimens. After applying an artificial ageing cycle to all of them, we consolidated them with CaloSil IP25, one of the most currently used commercial product in the practice. The elimination of the whitish deposits has been investigated with different methods: (1) wiping off the superficial excess of product immediately after each application during the treatment; (2) mechanical cleaning (scalpel) after consolidation; chemical cleaning with rigid gels of water (3), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (4) and citric acid (5) after consolidation. The effectiveness of each cleaning method has been assessed by non-destructive methods before and after the consolidation, and repeated after cleaning, by measuring differences in colour, water absorption by capillarity (i.e., sponge test), superficial adhesion (i.e., Scotch Tape Test) and by quantifying the thickness of the deposits eliminated by means of photogrammetry. Results show that both the mechanical cleaning and the removal of the excess of product after each application during the treatment yielded the most promising results for conservation practice.

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Section: Weathering Process Of Wall Painting Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weathering Process Of Wall Painting Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing the Undesired Surface Veiling after Nanolime Treatments on Wall Paintings: Preliminary Investigations

López-Martínez

Otero

2021

Coatings

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“…Further, non-destructive 2 of 16 testing is advantageous to quantitatively determine the physical and structural defects that are observed from the surface to the inside of the structure. Some common testing methods for stone architectural heritages include ultrasonic measurement [3][4][5], infrared thermographic analysis [4][5][6][7][8][9], ground-penetrating radar [10,11], rebound hardness measurement [12,13], and drilling resistivity testing [14,15] among various other methods. One of the most extensively used testing methods for detecting defects and for evaluating the weathering of a stone architectural heritage is ultrasonic measurement using the P-wave velocity, which is highly sensitive to cracks, schistosity, mineral composition, water content, and erosion [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Properties of a Stone Architectural Heritage and Weathering Evaluations Based on Provenance Site

Lee

2022

Applied Sciences

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In this study, we performed customized ultrasonic measurements of the stone block foundation of the Sungnyemun Gate, which is representative of the stone architectural heritage in the Republic of Korea. Furthermore, the weathering evaluation standards, which are extensively used in stone heritage, were improved considering the type of rock and its provenance site. In particular, the absolute weathering grade used the ultrasonic velocity (P-wave) of a universal hard rock, whereas the relative weathering grade used the differences between the ultrasonic velocities of the materials in the stone block foundation of the Sungnyemun Gate (weathered stone) and the fresh rocks in the provenance. Among these, the absolute weathering grade was observed to be constant regardless of the type of rock; however, the relative weathering grade varied depending on the type dof rock. Because the average ultrasonic velocity of the original blocks of the stone block foundation of the Sungnyemun Gate was 2665 m/s, it was estimated that their ultrasonic velocity reduced by approximately 2.1 m/s per year as compared to that observed in case of fresh rocks (average 3932 m/s) in the provenance site. Furthermore, the weathering evaluation exhibited that there were approximately two stages of difference between the original blocks and the new blocks. As compared to the relative weathering grade, the absolute weathering grade was observed to underestimate the overall ultrasonic velocity of the stone block foundation of the Sungnyemun Gate. This study presents a customized method for performing ultrasonic measurements and for evaluating weathering. It is assumed that the results of this study will be extensively used in diagnosing and monitoring the stone architectural heritage.

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New insights into the use of drilling test for the characterization of soft lime mortars

Vasanelli

Calia

Masieri

et al. 2022

Construction and Building Materials

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On the estimation of marbles weathering by thermal action using drilling resistance

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Preventing the Undesired Surface Veiling after Nanolime Treatments on Wall Paintings: Preliminary Investigations

Preventing the Undesired Surface Veiling after Nanolime Treatments on Wall Paintings: Preliminary Investigations

Ultrasonic Properties of a Stone Architectural Heritage and Weathering Evaluations Based on Provenance Site

New insights into the use of drilling test for the characterization of soft lime mortars

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