On the estimation of equivalent conductivity of electrolyte solutions: The effect of relative static permittivity and viscosity

Carbonation in Low-Temperature CO2 Electrolyzers: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions

“…Creative GDE designs will be of paramount importance to overcome the flooding problem. , Multiscale/multiphysics modeling: CO2R at the electrode is a complex phenomenon that involves multiple phases (gas/liquid/solid) and reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous), which are affected by the presence of electrolytes and electric field. Advanced modeling of the near-electrode and membrane environment will provide useful insights into the carbonation phenomena that is affected by mass transport, electrochemical and homogeneous reactions, and thermal effects. − Moreover, advanced thermodynamic modeling using electrolyte equations of state and molecular simulation are essential for predicting the key thermodynamic, transport, and structural properties of the relevant liquid systems. − Such properties are the mutual solubilities (e.g., gases in the aqueous electrolyte phase), transport coefficients (i.e., Maxwell-Stefan and self-diffusivities, ionic conductivities, viscosity), and partial molar properties. − Electrolyte-free electrolysis: The presence of electrolytes in CO 2 electrolyzers has several disadvantages. First, liquid products are contaminated with the electrolytes, which complicate the downstream process.…”

New Electrical Conductivity Model for Electrolyte Solutions Based on the Debye–Hückel–Onsager Theory

“…Figure presents the predictions of the models 1–3 (as summarized in Table ) developed in this study for four systems that has been less studied in the literature, namely, Na 4 Fe­(CN) 6 , K 4 Fe­(CN) 6 , Ca 3 (Fe­(CN) 6 ) 2 , and LaFe­(CN) 6 aqueous solutions at 298.15 K. In this figure, the predictions of developed models (models 1–3) are compared with the MSA, the MSA-simple, and the DHO3 models developed in the literature and with the experimental data. Furthermore, the parameters tabulated in Table are used for the prediction of the molar conductivity in all models.…”

“…However, the mathematical formulation of this model is quite complex and difficult to implement. In addition, although it has been mentioned in the literature that integral equations are superior to the DH theory, we have recently shown that, at least for the electrical conductivity, the predictions of an MSA-based and a DH-based model are equally satisfactory for the restricted primitive models (RPM) . As a result, a model equivalent to the MSA model based on the DHO theory and the DH solution to the Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) equation is required to be developed.…”

“…Figure 4. Molar conductivity of (a) Na 4 Fe(CN) 6 , (b) K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , (c) Ca 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ) 2 , and (d) LaFe(CN) 6 aqueous solutions at 298.15 Kpredicted by models 1−3, the MSA model,24 the MSA-simple model,55 and the DHO3 model,17 along with the experimental data from the literature 41. …”

“…Figure 5. Electrophoretic effects [graphs (i) and (ii)] and relaxation effect [graph (iii)] of (a) Na 4 Fe(CN) 6 , (b) K 4 Fe(CN) 6 , (c) Ca 3 (Fe(CN) 6 ) 2 , and (d) LaFe(CN) 6 aqueous solutions at 298.15 K predicted by models 1−3, the MSA model,24 the MSA-simple model,55 and the DHO3 model 17. …”