On the Estimation of Allantoin by the Rimini-Schryver Reaction

Young, E. Gordon; Conway, Catherine Frances

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45082-x

Cited by 499 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Ureides and nitrate in finely ground powder of stems and petioles were extracted using hot water, as described by Unkovch et al (2008). The ureide concentration in plant extracts was analyzed using the Rimini-Schryver reaction as described by Young and Conway (1942), whereas nitrate was analyzed using the salicylic acid method (Cataldo et al, 1975), as outlined by Unkovich et al (2008). The concentrations of nitrate and ureides in stems and petioles were expressed on per gram oven-dried organ basis, and total nitrate-N and ureide-N were estimated for each sample (Unkovich et al, 2008).…”

Section: Ureide and Nitrate Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of N2 Fixation by N Fertilization of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Fields of Farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, Measured Using 15N Natural Abundance and Tissue Ureide Analysis

2021

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Inhibition of N2 fixation in N-fertilized common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants growing on the fields of farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa was measured using 15N natural abundance and tissue ureide analysis. The N-fertilized bean plants revealed greater soil N uptake, higher concentrations of nitrate in organs, low tissue ureide levels, and much lower percent relative ureide-N abundance when compared with unfertilized plants. In contrast, the unfertilized plants showed greater nodule fresh weight, higher N derived from fixation (e.g., 84.6, 90.4, and 97.1% at Lujecweni fields 2, 3, and 4, respectively), increased amount of N-fixed (e.g., 163.3, 161.3, and 140.3 kg ha−1 at Lujecweni fields 2, 3, and 4, respectively), greater ureide concentration in stems and petioles, higher % relative ureide-N abundance, and low soil N uptake. We also found that the percent N derived from fixation (%Ndfa) was very high for some bean plants receiving a double dose of N fertilizer [e.g., Lujecweni field 1 (51.8%) and Tikitiki field 1 (53.3%], and quite high for others receiving a single dose of N fertilizer [e.g., Tikitiki field 2 (50.1%), Mfabantu fields 1 and 2 (45.5 and 79.9%, respectively), and St. Luthberts field 1 (58.9%)]. Though not assessed in this study, it is likely that the rhizobia that effectively nodulated the N-fertilized bean plants and fixed considerable amounts of symbiotic N had constitutive and/or inducible nitrate reductase genes for reducing nitrate in nodules and bacteroids, hence their ability to form root nodules and derived high %Ndfa in bean with added N. While single- and double-dose N fertilizer applications increased plant growth and grain yield compared to unfertilized bean plants, the single-dose N fertilizer application produced much greater grain yield than the double dose. This indicates that farmers should stop using a double dose of N fertilizers on bean production, as it decreases yields and can potentially pollute the environment. This study has however shown that government supply of free N fertilizers to resource-poor farmers in South Africa increased bean yields for food/nutritional security.

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Section: Ureide and Nitrate Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of N2 Fixation by N Fertilization of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Fields of Farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, Measured Using 15N Natural Abundance and Tissue Ureide Analysis

2021

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“…Uric acid in urine samples was determined by a colorimetric procedure using a commercial kit (MAK077, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO) and allantoin by a colorimetric method as described by Young and Conway (1941).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of humic substances on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and rumen microbiota in beef heifers1

Terry

Ribeiro

Gruninger

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Ruminants play an important role in food security, but there is a growing concern about the impact of cattle on the environment, particularly regarding greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of humic substances (HS) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, methane (CH4) emissions, and the rumen microbiome of beef heifers fed a barley silage-based diet. The experiment was designed as a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square using 8 ruminally cannulated Angus × Hereford heifers (758 ± 40.7 kg initial BW). Heifers were offered a basal diet consisting of 60% barley silage and 40% concentrate (DM basis) with either 0- (control), 100-, 200- or 300-mg granulated HS/kg BW. Each period was 28 d with 14 d of adaptation. Rumen samples were taken on day 15 at 0, 3, 6, and 12 h postfeeding. Total urine and feces were collected from days 18 to 22. Blood samples were taken on day 22 at 0 and 6 h postfeeding. Between days 26 and 28, heifers were placed in open-circuit respiratory chambers to measure CH4. Ruminal pH was recorded continuously during the periods of CH4 measurement using indwelling pH loggers. Intake was similar (P = 0.47) across treatments. Concentration of ammonia-N and counts of rumen protozoa responded quadratically (P = 0.03), where both increased at H100 and then decreased for the H300 treatments. Apparent total tract digestibility of CP (P = 0.04) was linearly increased by HS and total N retention (g/d, % N intake, g/kg BW0.75) was improved (P = 0.04) for HS when compared with the control. There was no effect of HS on CH4 production (g/d; P = 0.83); however, HS decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P = 0.04) and increased the relative abundance of Synergistetes (P = 0.01) and Euryarchaeota (P = 0.04). Results suggest that HS included at up to 300 mg/kg BW may improve N retention and CP digestibility, but there was no impact on CH4 production.

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“…To quantify allantoin in snail secretion, samples were prepared and analyzed by using the modified method after Young and Conway [43]. The method was also applied for assessing the allantoin in Symphytum officinale root extract, as it is an important active constituent of the species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantification of allantoin in the obtained fractions was analyzed by using a microplate method as previously described [43], with slight modifications. The quantification method is based on the formation of the orange color produced by the interaction of allantoin with potassium ferricyanide (Figure 3) [22].…”

Section: Quantification Of Allantoin From the Aqueous Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allantoin from Valuable Romanian Animal and Plant Sources with Promising Anti-Inflammatory Activity as a Nutricosmetic Ingredient

et al. 2021

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Helix aspersa (HA), Helix pomatia (HP) and Symphytum officinale are common organisms in Romania’s biosphere, widely known for their allantoin content and their therapeutic properties. Herein, the allantoin was separated and quantified from the aqueous extracts of Romanian comfrey root and the secretions of HA and HP snails. This study also focused on determining the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these Romanian allantoin-rich samples. The plant extracts were obtained through two methods: ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic ultrasonic extraction. A microplate method was used for the quantitative determination of allantoin content. The antioxidant activity was measured by using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was studied in order to observe the type of interactions generated by the chemical complex present in their composition. High concentrations of allantoin were obtained by enzymatic ultrasonic extraction method (EUE—102 ± 0.74 μg/mL), and also in the water-soluble fraction of the snail secretion (FS1—22.051 μg/mL). The antioxidant screening suggests that Symphytum officinale and snail mucus extracts could be used as promising natural substitutes for synthetic antioxidants in products used for therapeutic purposes. The evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated, allantoin-rich samples showing a promising action (FS1—81.87 ± 2.34%). In future, the inclusion of allantoin-rich extracts in various novel pharmaceutical forms for new therapeutic applications could be achieved. The study will continue with the formulation of a nutricosmetic product with snail mucus and Symphytum officinale extract as principal bioactive ingredients.

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On the Estimation of Allantoin by the Rimini-Schryver Reaction

Cited by 499 publications

References 7 publications

Inhibition of N2 Fixation by N Fertilization of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Fields of Farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, Measured Using 15N Natural Abundance and Tissue Ureide Analysis

Inhibition of N2 Fixation by N Fertilization of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Fields of Farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, Measured Using 15N Natural Abundance and Tissue Ureide Analysis

Effect of humic substances on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, and rumen microbiota in beef heifers1

Allantoin from Valuable Romanian Animal and Plant Sources with Promising Anti-Inflammatory Activity as a Nutricosmetic Ingredient

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