On the essence of “meaningless” simple repetitive DNA in eukaryote genomes

Epplen, Cornelia; Melmer, Georg; Siedlaczck, I; Schwaiger, Franz-Werner; Mäueler, Winfried; Epplen, Jörg T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8583-6_3

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In spite of mutation rates at least one scale order higher than that of allozymes, the RST estimate for the micros atellite loci was not higher than the FST for the allozymes. The failure of microsatellite loci to detect greater divergence than allozyme loci suggests the existence of constraints on their evolution, such as biased mutation rates (Garza et a!., 1995) and/or selection for certain allele sizes (Epplen et at., 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently several groups are using microsatellite loci to assess gene flow and related phenomena in the A. gambiae complex of species. The forces that shape allele composition at such loci are poorly understood, however (Edwards et a!., 1992;Di Rienzo et aL, 1994;FitzSimmons et al, 1995;Garza et a!., 1995), and some evidence suggests that these forces include biased mutation rates (Garza et GENE FLOW OF ANOPHELES GAMBIAE ACROSS AFRICA 193 al., 1995) and/or selection acting on allele size (Epplen et a!., 1993). If such forces strongly influence allele composition at these loci, estimates of differentiation between populations and rates of gene flow will be misleading, because they are derived on the basis of genetic drift, migration, and random mutation as the main forces in operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and West Africa: comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci

et al. 1996

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Genetic variation of Anopheles gambiae was analysed to assess interpopulation divergence over a 6000 km distance using short tandem repeat (microsatellite) loci and allozyme loci. Differentiation of populations from Kenya and Senegal measured by allele length variation at five microsatellite loci was compared with estimates calculated from published data on six allozyme loci (Miles, 1978). The average Wright's FST of microsatellite loci (0.016) was lower than that of allozymes (0.036). Slatkin's RST values for microsatellite loci were generally higher than their FST values, but the average RST value was virtually identical (0.036) to the average allozyme FST.These low estimates of differentiation correspond to an effective migration index (Nm) larger than 3, suggesting that gene flow across the continent is only weakly restricted. Polymorphism of microsatellite loci was significantly higher than that of allozymes, probably because the former experience considerably higher mutation rates. That microsatellite loci did not measure greater interpopulation divergence than allozyme loci suggested constraints on microsatellite evolution. Alternatively, extensive mosquito dispersal, aided by human transportation during the last century, better explains the low differentiation and the similarity of estimates derived from both types of genetic markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and West Africa: comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci

et al. 1996

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“…Interestingly, extracts from nuclei of various cell types (B lymphocytes, T cells, HeLa cells) differ only slightly, but especially with respect to relative band intensities in gel shift experiments involving, e.g. the composite (GT)~(GA)m repeat [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simple repeats are defined as basic motifs of lq5 bases in length which are perfectly and tandemly reiterated 5-100 times [1] or more. Several different basic motifs of these repeat elements are frequently represented and ubiquitously interspersed in eukaryote genomes [2], and they have mostly been regarded as 'junk' [3] without sequence-dependent meaning [4]. Therefore, such 'slippery DNA runs' are at times welcome targets of eloquent declamations [5], the decoding of which requires sufficient command of metaphilosophical allegories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic simple repetitive DNAs are targets for differential binding of nuclear proteins

1996

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The biological meaning of abundant simple repetitive DNA sequences in eukaryote genomes is obscure. Therefore, (GAA)n, (GT)n, and composite (GT)n(GA)m blocks were characterized for protein binding in the repeat and flanking sequences of cloned genomic DNA fragments. In gel mobility shift and competition assays the binding of nuclear proteins to the repeats was specific (including some flanking single copy sequences). DNase footprinting revealed the target sequences within and adjacent to the repeats. Chemical modifications (OsO4, DEPC) demonstrated non-B DNA structures in the polypurine blocks. The binding of nuclear proteins in and around simple repeat sequences refute biological insignificance of all of these ubiquitously interspersed elements.

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CAC – the neglected repeat

Sertedaki

Lindsay

1996

BioEssays

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It is becoming increasingly clear that repetitive DNA is of biological significance as well as experimental importance. Here we review the information available about one type of repetitive DNA, the trinucleotide repeat (CAC)n, and briefly compare it with other trinucleotide repeats. Although much work has been done in analysing DNA fingerprinting patterns produced using the synthetic oligonucleotide (CAC)5 as a probe, there is relatively little information about individual (CAC)n-containing sequences and their abundance, organisation and distribution in mammalian DNA. From the data that is available, it is clear that there are at least two areas that should repay further study: (1) the organisation and generation of long sequences that contain (CAC)n motifs as part of a larger repeating unit (minisatellites) and (2) the distribution of small (CAC)n sequences (microsatellites), in particular their relationship to genes.

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On the essence of “meaningless” simple repetitive DNA in eukaryote genomes

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and West Africa: comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci

Genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae populations from East and West Africa: comparison of microsatellite and allozyme loci

Genomic simple repetitive DNAs are targets for differential binding of nuclear proteins

CAC – the neglected repeat

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