On the Energy Efficiency of Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Based on Hybrid Architecture

Uthansakul, Peerapong; Khan, Arfat Ahmad

doi:10.3390/en12112227

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…In the data analysis phase, a detailed introduction of the data set is used and discussed. It is worthy to mention that the stage of data analysis is extremely vital nowadays during the process discovery by considering the fact that the internet data traffic is exponentially increasing with every passing day [23][24][25][26]. It assists to understand the in-depth discovery of processes and their analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Discovery and Refinement of an Enterprise Management System

Khan¹,

Ahmad²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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The need for the analysis of modern businesses is rapidly increasing as the supporting enterprise systems generate more and more data. This data can be extremely valuable for executing organizations because the data allows constant monitoring, analyzing, and improving the underlying processes, which leads to the reduction of cost and the improvement of the quality. Process mining is a useful technique for analyzing enterprise systems by using an event log that contains behaviours. This research focuses on the process discovery and refinement using real-life event log data collected from a large multinational organization that deals with coatings and paints. By investigating and analyzing their order handling processes, this study aims at learning a model that gives insight inspection of the processes and performance analysis. Furthermore, the animation is also performed for the better inspection, diagnostics, and compliance-related questions to specify the system. The configuration of the system and the conformance checking for further enhancement is also addressed in this research. To achieve the objectives, this research uses process mining techniques, i.e. process discovery in the form of formal Petri nets models with the help of process maps, and process refinement through conformance checking and enhancement. Initially, the identified executed process is reconstructed by using the process discovery techniques. Following the reconstruction, we perform a deep analysis for the underlying process to ensure the process improvement and redesigning. Finally, some recommendations are made to improve the enterprise management system processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Discovery and Refinement of an Enterprise Management System

Khan¹,

Ahmad²,

Khan³

et al. 2023

Computer Systems Science and Engineering

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“…In terms of communication, there are various standards used in WSNs such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, Long range wide area network (LoRa WAN) and Sigfox. ZigBee requires low power consumptions and cost and are capable to deliver services such as e-mail, Internet, and the transfer of files [7], which brings a lot of benefits by considering the fact that the internet data traffic is increasing with every passing day [8,9]. Bluetooth also requires low power consumptions and is a cost-efficient device; however, it has less range compared to the ZigBee modules [10].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cost-Efficient Radiation Monitoring System for Nuclear Sites: Designing and Implementation

Khan¹,

Khan²

2022

Intelligent Automation &Amp; Soft Computing

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Radiation monitoring is essential for examining and refraining the unwanted situations in the vicinity of nuclear plants as high levels of radiation are quite dangerous for human beings. Meanwhile, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are proved to be an auspicious candidate to address that issue. Actually, WSNs are pretty beneficial to monitor an area with the aim of avoiding undesirable situations. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a cost-efficient radiation and the temperature monitoring system. We have used ZigBee to develop the sensor nodes, and the sensor nodes are instilled with the radiation and the temperature sensors. In addition, the Geiger Muller Tube (GM Tube), which is usually a reliable detector to monitor nuclear sites, is used to monitor the radiations. The designed system consists of two sensor nodes and the main node. The experimental results validate the designed system, where the communication between the nodes and the main node along with the inter-nodal communication are examined in order to ensure the smooth-running operation of the designed system.

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“…The conventional precoding technologies use many RF chains in only digital precoding, resulting in a loss of power consumption and consequent costs at the Base Stations (BS) [1]. Many researchers have focused on hybrid precoding, which is a combination of digital and analog systems that reduce the number of RF chains without sacrificing the efficiency of transmission [2,3]. For Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique in massive MIMO wireless communications, each subcarrier is modulated at a low symbol rate reducing multipath fading, high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Hybrid Precoding Based QoE for Partially Structured Massive MIMO System

Singh¹,

Goyal²,

Ali³

et al. 2022

Computers, Materials &Amp; Continua

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Precoding is a beamforming technique that supports multi-stream transmission in which the RF chain plays a significant role as a digital precoding at the receiver for wireless communication. The traditional precoding contains only digital signal processing and each antenna connects to each RF chain, which provides high transmission efficiency but high cost and hardware complexity. Hybrid precoding is one of the most popular massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques that can save costs and avoid using complex hardware. At present, network services are currently in focus with a wide range of traffic volumes. In terms of the Quality of Service (QoS), it is critical that service providers pay a lot of attention to this parameter and its relationship to Quality of Experience (QoE) which is the measurement of the overall level of user satisfaction. Therefore, this paper proposes hybrid precoding of a partially structured system to improve transmission efficiency and allocate resources to provide network services to users for increasing the user satisfaction under power constraints that optimize the quality of baseband precoding and radio frequency (RF) precoding by minimizing alternating algorithms. We focus on the web browsing, video, and Voice over IP (VOIP) services. Also, a Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is employed to measure the level of user satisfaction. The results show that the partially structured system provides a good user satisfaction with the network's services. The partially structured system provides high energy efficiency up to 85%. Considering web service, the partially structured system for 10 users provides MOS at 3.21 which is higher than 1.75 of fully structured system.

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On the Energy Efficiency of Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Based on Hybrid Architecture

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Process Discovery and Refinement of an Enterprise Management System

Process Discovery and Refinement of an Enterprise Management System

A Cost-Efficient Radiation Monitoring System for Nuclear Sites: Designing and Implementation

Optimal Hybrid Precoding Based QoE for Partially Structured Massive MIMO System

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