On the electron temperatures and densities in plasmas produced by the “torche à injection axiale”

Jonkers, J Jeroen; Regt, de Jm Hans; Mullen, van der Jjam Joost; Vos, H. W.; Groote, de Fpj Frank; Timmermans, Eah Eric

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(96)01493-0

Cited by 64 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Table 2). Due to the high electron temperature in argon plasmas produced by the TIA [7,8], next to dissociative recombination of N 2 + (X) an efficient excitation channel towards the B-state by electron impact is provided as well:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of molecular gases and analytes on excitation mechanisms in atmospheric microwave sustained argon plasmas

Timmermans

Thomas

Jonkers

et al. 1998

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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. (1998). The influence of molecular gases and analytes on excitation mechanisms in atmospheric microwave sustained argon plasmas. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 362(5), 440-446. DOI: 10.1007/s002160051104General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract The effect of introducing molecular compounds into argon plasmas has been studied using an expanding microwave induced plasma at atmospheric pressure. Besides the use of optical emission spectroscopy (OES), also the time dependent behavior of line intensities during power interruptions has been studied. From the measurements it is found that even an injection of small amounts of molecular compounds (> 0.5%) leads to important changes in excitation mechanisms in the plasma. It is also found that in the recombination zone downstream in the plasma an excitation mechanism which is independent of the electron density, e.g. excitation transfer from metastables or Penning ionization, must be responsible for the excitation of analytes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of molecular gases and analytes on excitation mechanisms in atmospheric microwave sustained argon plasmas

Timmermans

Thomas

Jonkers

et al. 1998

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…Oxygen and nitrogen molecules sucked in by the argon flow will enhance electron loss-mechanisms and will thus affect the properties of the electrons gas and the shape of the plasma flame. To study the effect of the environment, metallic plasma vessels were constructed in [11,18,21,22], with the purpose to change the gas-environment of the plasma (e.g. by replacing air by argon).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of remote field electromagnetic boundary conditions on microwave-induced plasma torches

Jimenez-Diaz¹,

Dijk²,

Mullen³

2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Abstract.A flexible versatile electromagnetic model constructed with the PLASIMO platform is employed to explore electromagnetic features of microwave induced plasma torches. The bases, formed by a full-vector formulation of the Maxwell equations, provides the possibility to formulate the boundary conditions in a natural way. Together with the use of a direct matrix solver this gives a convergence speed-up of more than a factor of 100 when compared to a scalar formulation on the azimuthal magnetic field that uses an iterative solver. As a result this electromagnetic model is ready to act in future studies as part of the self-consistent description of plasma-electromagnetic coupling. With the electromagnetic model three types of configuration were studied: the closed, semi-open and open configurations, all three based on the same simplified model-plasmas. It is found that the closed configuration, acting as a cavity for which the (de)tuning is extremely sensitive for the plasma conditions, is less suitable for applications in which changes in plasma compositions can be expected. The semi-open configuration can be seen as a model for the practice often used in laboratories to place Microwave Induced Plasma torches in a grid that aims to protect the environment against microwave electromagnetic radiation. Calculations show that this is good practice provided the radius of this cylindrical grid is in the order of 90 mm. For the most often used configuration, the open version, we found that the power balance as expressed by the coefficients of absorption, transmission and reflection, depends on the electron density of the plasma. The reason is that the plasma acts as an antenna, that converts the electromagnetic waves from the co-axial structure to that of the expansion region and that this antenna function depends on the electron density. The influence of various other antenna elements is investigated as well.

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“…From the ASDF the electron temperature can be determined, if n e is known, making use of a collisional radiative model (CRM) [23]. As a side product, the ASDF also provides the values of the excitation temperatures of the upper part, T spec , and the bottom of the distribution, T 13 . These three temperatures, T e , T 13 and T spec , give insight into the deviation from equilibrium.…”

Section: Absolute Intensity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a side product, the ASDF also provides the values of the excitation temperatures of the upper part, T spec , and the bottom of the distribution, T 13 . These three temperatures, T e , T 13 and T spec , give insight into the deviation from equilibrium.…”

Section: Absolute Intensity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric microwave-induced plasmas in Ar/H₂ mixtures studied with a combination of passive and active spectroscopic methods

Palomares¹,

Iordanova²,

Gamero³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Several active and passive diagnostic methods have been used to study atmospheric microwave induced plasmas created by a surfatron operating at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and with power values between 57 and 88 W. By comparing the results with each other, insight is obtained into essential plasma quantities, their radial distributions and the reliability of the diagnostic methods. Two laser techniques have been used, namely Thomson scattering (TS) for the determination of the electron density, n e , and temperature, T e , and Rayleigh scattering (RyS) for the determination of the heavy particle temperature, T g . In combination, three passive spectroscopic techniques are applied, the line broadening of the H β line to determine n e , and two methods of absolute intensity measurements to obtain n e and T e . The active techniques provide spatial resolution in small plasmas with sizes in the order of 0.5 mm. The results of n e measured with three different methods show good agreement, independent of the plasma settings. The T e values obtained with two techniques are in good agreement for the condition of a pure argon plasma, but they show deviations when H 2 is introduced. The introduction of a small amount (0.3 %) of H 2 into an argon plasma induces contraction, reduces n e , increases T e , enhances the departure from equilibrium and leads to conditions that are close to those found in cool atmospheric plasmas.

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On the electron temperatures and densities in plasmas produced by the “torche à injection axiale”

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

The influence of molecular gases and analytes on excitation mechanisms in atmospheric microwave sustained argon plasmas

The influence of molecular gases and analytes on excitation mechanisms in atmospheric microwave sustained argon plasmas

Effect of remote field electromagnetic boundary conditions on microwave-induced plasma torches

Atmospheric microwave-induced plasmas in Ar/H₂ mixtures studied with a combination of passive and active spectroscopic methods

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On the electron temperatures and densities in plasmas produced by the “torche à injection axiale”

Cited by 64 publications

References 20 publications

The influence of molecular gases and analytes on excitation mechanisms in atmospheric microwave sustained argon plasmas

The influence of molecular gases and analytes on excitation mechanisms in atmospheric microwave sustained argon plasmas

Effect of remote field electromagnetic boundary conditions on microwave-induced plasma torches

Atmospheric microwave-induced plasmas in Ar/H2 mixtures studied with a combination of passive and active spectroscopic methods

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Product

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Atmospheric microwave-induced plasmas in Ar/H₂ mixtures studied with a combination of passive and active spectroscopic methods