“…There are now appropriate models (Bespalov and Trakhtengerts, 1986;Bespalov, 1982;Bespalov and Kleymenova, 1989) that explain the generation of quasi-period VLF emissions (QP-1 and QP-2) with 10-150 s periods, and the generation of chorus VLF emissions and corresponding collective processes with time scales of 0.1-1 s (Bespalov and Trakhtengerts, 1978;Trakhtengerts and Rycroft, 2008;Krasovsky, 2007;Santolik et al, 2008).…”