A first-principles energy band calculation is performed with respect to the V 5+-and (Ca 2+ , V 5+)-doped Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 supercells to elucidate the effect of Ca 2+ doping on the electronic structure and optical properties of a V 5+-doped Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 pigment in the present study. The structural optimization calculation reveals that the theoretical lattice constant of the Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 unit cell slightly increases when compared with that in the experimental data. The forbidden gap at the ¥ point is estimated to be 2.78 eV. On the basis of the density-of-states analysis, the valence band (VB) of Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 mainly comprises the O 2p states and hybridizes with the Ti 3d and Y 4d states. The conduction band (CB) can be divided into two energy regions. The lower CB comprises the Ti 3d states and hybridizes with the O 2p states, whereas the upper CB comprises the Y 4d, Ti 3d, and O 2p states. When Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 is doped with a V atom, the VB width and bandgap are observed to expand by 0.7 and 0.2 eV, respectively, with respect to the pristine Y 2 Ti 2 O 7. Two strongly localized peaks, corresponding to the V 3d states, appear in the bandgap. Further, three strongly localized peaks appear in the bandgap when V 5+-doped Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 is doped with a Ca atom. In the dielectric function calculation of the V 5+-doped Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 , there is broad absorption from the O 2p VB states to the V 3d gap states as well as a VBCB optical transition in the host crystal. When the V 5+-doped Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 is doped with a Ca atom, the distortion of the VO 6 octahedron becomes large, leading to an increment of O 2p state densities near the valence-band maximum of the host. Thus, it is considered the momentum matrix elements between occupied states (O 2p states) and unoccupied states (V 3d states) becomes large in comparison with the case before a Ca doping.