On the efficacy of behavior change techniques in mHealth for self-management of diabetes: A meta-analysis

Which behaviour change techniques work best for diabetes self-management mobile apps? Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

“… 57 , 115 , 116 , 117 Similar results emerged from meta-regressions analysing the impact of DBCIs in diabetes, which identified an association between the inclusion of self-monitoring of outcomes and statistically significant reductions in HbA1c. 45 , 46 Our results confirm that actively tracking individual parameters and data using DBCIs can enable patients to take control of their condition and enhance emotional investment, a crucial component of self-management. 118 Based on our analyses, self-monitoring emerges as a more effective strategy compared to passive sensing, which captures data about a person without requiring any extra effort on their part, confirming the importance of self-reporting when DBCIs are intended to support behaviour change.…”

“… 111 The univariate meta-regression models indicated that the number of BCTs was not associated with improved effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of quality and combination of the right techniques. Despite previous meta-regressions in different domains alternatively demonstrated a lack 45 , 46 , 57 or presence 112 , 113 of a positive association between the number of BCTs and study effectiveness, all studies have underscored the necessity for further investigation on this matter. According to our analyses, improvements in HbA1c were instead associated with individual BCTs, with “ self-monitoring of behaviour ” explaining the greatest amount of heterogeneity (R 2 = 20.08%).…”

“… 43 Similarly, other studies assessed brief digital behaviour change solutions for patients with type 2 diabetes 44 or examined the relationship between intervention effect sizes of DBCIs and their features, including the number and type of BCTs tapped. 45 , 46 …”

Personal Goals, Barriers to Self-Management and Desired mHealth Application Features to Improve Self-Care in Multi-Ethnic Asian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study

“…A systematic review demonstrates that defining a goal into quantifiable measurements through mHealth can have a substantial impact on health outcomes for patients managing T2DM [37]. Likewise, a meta-analysis highlights that mHealth interventions using "action planning" and "self-monitoring of outcome(s)" were particularly effective in reducing HbA1c [38]. Therefore, goal-setting via mHealth can be usefully incorporated into routine care to supplement existing health service delivery and improve the engagement of patients in diabetes self-management.…”

Effects of web‐based diabetes education on knowledge retention in adult general population: An experiment

“…With the widespread adoption of smartphones, numerous mobile interventions have been developed to enhance clinical outcomes for persons with diabetes (El‐Gayar et al., 2021). Moreover, the increasing availability of the Internet and information and communication technology (ICT) increased the possibilities for web‐based health education and interventions (Reininger et al., 2013) and has made access to information easier, faster, and more convenient (Rose et al., 2019).…”