On the effects of<i>Fusarium</i>toxin-contaminated wheat and the feed intake level on the metabolism and carry over of zearalenone in dairy cows

Seeling, Karen; Dänicke, Sven; Ueberschär, Karl‐Heinz; Lebzien, Peter; Flachowsky, Gerhard

doi:10.1080/02652030500163708

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The implant compound, ␣-zearalanol (zeranol) and its metabolite ␤-zearalenol, were detected in manure collected from both hormone treated or untreated animals and from control plots. The presence of these compounds in manure collected from untreated animals or control plots may be attributed to formation of Fusarium mold that may have been present in corn silage or grain included in feed rations [14,39,40]. Lack of detections of synthetic hormones in manure is consistent with previous studies and may be attributed to rapid degradation during composting [13,41].…”

Section: Manure Analysissupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of rainfall timing and tillage on the transport of steroid hormones in runoff from manure amended row crop fields

Biswas

Kranz

Shapiro

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• Hormones and metabolites were detected in runoff from test plots fertilized with cattle manure.• Composting can reduce the hormone concentration in manure compared to stockpiling.• About 10% of applied hormones can be lost through the dissolved phase of runoff. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tRunoff generated from livestock manure amended row crop fields is one of the major pathways of hormone transport to the aquatic environment. The study determined the effects of manure handling, tillage methods, and rainfall timing on the occurrence and transport of steroid hormones in runoff from the row crop field. Stockpiled and composted manure from hormone treated and untreated animals were applied to test plots and subjected to two rainfall simulation events 30 days apart. During the two rainfall simulation events, detection of any steroid hormone or metabolites was identified in 8-86% of runoff samples from any tillage and manure treatment. The most commonly detected hormones were 17␤-estradiol, estrone, estriol, testosterone, and ␣-zearalenol at concentrations ranging up to 100-200 ng L −1 . Considering the maximum detected concentrations in runoff, no more than 10% of the applied hormone can be transported through the dissolved phase of runoff. Results from the study indicate that hormones can persist in soils receiving livestock manure over an extended period of time and the dissolved phase of hormone in runoff is not the preferred pathway of transport from the manure applied fields irrespective of tillage treatments and timing of rainfall.

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Section: Manure Analysissupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of rainfall timing and tillage on the transport of steroid hormones in runoff from manure amended row crop fields

Biswas

Kranz

Shapiro

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, zearalanone, α-zearalanol and β-zearalanol concentrations in the milk of Holstein dairy cows were < LODs of 1, 0.5, 5, 100, 50 and 200 µg/kg, respectively, at daily zearalenone intakes between 0.075 and 1.125 mg corresponding to a dietary zearalenone concentration of 0.051 mg/kg dry matter (Seeling et al, 2005). Dry matter intake varied between 5.6 and 20.5 kg/day, and milk yields ranged between 10 and 42 kg fat corrected milk per day in this study.…”

Section: Carry Over Studiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

2011

EFSA Journal

349

142

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Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species. It is commonly found in maize but can be found also in other crops such as wheat, barley, sorghum and rye. The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority to review the safety of zearalenone and the risk to consumers of a possible increase of the maximum level (ML) for zearalenone in breakfast cereals. A total of 13,075 analytical results obtained on food samples and 9,877 results on unprocessed grains sampled by 19 European countries in 2005-2010 were used in the evaluation. The highest concentrations of zearalenone were reported for wheat bran, corn and products thereof (e.g. corn flour, cornflakes). Grains and grain-based foods, in particular grains and grain milling products, bread and fine bakery wares, made the largest contribution to the estimated zearalenone exposures. Vegetable oils also made an important contribution to the zearalenone exposure. The critical effects of zearalenone result from its oestrogenic activity. Based on recent data in the most sensitive animal species, the pig, and taking into account comparisons between pigs and humans, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for zearalenone of 0.25 μg/kg b.w. Estimates of chronic dietary exposure to zearalenone based on the available occurrence data are below or in the region of the TDI for all age groups and not a health concern. A potential increase in the ML for zearalenone in breakfast cereals from 50 µg/kg to 75, 100, 125 or 150 µg/kg is unlikely to result in a chronic dietary exposure exceeding the TDI. In a worst case scenario it is possible that an individual could consume the same batch of breakfast cereal containing zearalenone at the ML every day for 2 to 4 weeks, in which case exposures may exceed the TDI.

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“…Although -zearalenol has a higher oestrogenic potency compared with the parent zearalenone, its lower rate of absorption and its interconversion in the liver to the less potent -zearalenol might account for the low susceptibility of dairy cattle (Diekman and Green 1992;Dänicke et al 2005;Seeling et al 2005). Zearalenone and its metabolites can be excreted with milk, but levels are very low often remaining below the limit of quantification (Seeling et al 2005).…”

Section: Conversion Of Mycotoxins By the Rumen Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins in cattle feeds and carry-over to dairy milk: A review

Fink‐Gremmels

2008

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

310

260

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The complex diet of ruminants, consisting of forages, concentrates, and preserved feeds, can be a source of very diverse mycotoxins that contaminate individual feed components. A number of mycotoxins are successfully inactivated by the rumen flora, whereas others pass unchanged or are converted into metabolites that retain biological activity. Hence, the barrier function of the rumen largely determines the susceptibility of dairy cows and other ruminant species towards individual mycotoxins. An impairment of this barrier function due to diseases or the direct antimicrobial effect of certain mycotoxins may increase absorption rates. The rate of absorption determines not only the internal dose and risk for adverse health effects, but also the excretion of mycotoxins and the biologically active metabolites into milk.

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On the effects ofFusariumtoxin-contaminated wheat and the feed intake level on the metabolism and carry over of zearalenone in dairy cows

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of rainfall timing and tillage on the transport of steroid hormones in runoff from manure amended row crop fields

Effect of rainfall timing and tillage on the transport of steroid hormones in runoff from manure amended row crop fields

Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food

Mycotoxins in cattle feeds and carry-over to dairy milk: A review

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