On the Effects of Calibration Errors and Mutual Coupling on the Beam Pattern of an Antenna Array

Schmid, Christian M.; Schuster, Stefan; Feger, Reinhard; Stelzer, Andreas

doi:10.1109/tap.2013.2259455

Cited by 78 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As shown in (10), by adding only one measurement with the designed excitation vector A 1 , the accumulated error at the 1st element has been effectively reduced to the same error level as other elements. The proposed algorithm will not affect (i.e.…”

Section: Proposed Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Over-the-Air Phased Array Calibration Based on Measured Complex Array Signals

Zhang

Fan

Wang

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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This letter presents an improved phased array calibration method based on measured complex array signals with one single probe. All the phased array elements are excited simultaneously in the measurement and only phase reverse of each element is required. The error on the 1st antenna element of the reference method is analysed, which shows it is accumulated as the array size increases. One more measurement with designed element phase settings is introduced to overcome the deficiency. The improved method shows only N + 1 measurements are required to calibrate N antenna elements accurately. Finally, a 4 × 8 antenna array composed of 4-ridged horn antennas operating at 3.5 GHz was measured to validate the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.

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Section: Proposed Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Over-the-Air Phased Array Calibration Based on Measured Complex Array Signals

Zhang

Fan

Wang

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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“…By substituting (19) into (14)- (17) and then in (10)-(13), the upper and the lower bounds of P u, f turn out to be analytically determined as a function of the interval bump depths, e i,c , i = 1,…, I, c = 1,…, C i . It is important to highlight that the interval bounds do not correspond to the deterministic patterns obtained in case of 'worst' (i.e.…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalised interval‐based analysis tool for pattern distortions in reflector antennas with bump‐like surface deformations

Anselmi

Salucci

Rocca

et al. 2016

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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The prediction of the effects on the power pattern of bump-like distortions in the surface of reflector antennas is addressed. The expressions of the upper and the lower bounds of the power pattern radiated by the deformed reflector are analytically derived by means of the interval analysis as a function of the uncertainty on the bump depth. A set of representative numerical results is reported and discussed to validate the effectiveness and the reliability of the proposed approach also in comparison with state-of-the-art methods and commercial software based on statistical methods and physical optics, respectively.

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“…According to (5) and (14) the variations among the different The results show the differences between a calibrated and an uncalibrated system. Note that this method does not account for angle-dependent variation of the amplitudes and phases, nor for mutual coupling [46], [47]. The impact of these imperfections is treated later.…”

Section: A Standard Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 also shows the beampattern of a system with quite imperfect calibration. To take account of phase and amplitude variations both parameters are modeled as pseudorandom numbers, see [47]. The results shown here are based on simulations with ϕ IF [m v ]∼U(−50π/180, +50π/180) and A IF [m v ]∼U(0.01, 1).…”

Section: A Standard Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

BLASTDAR—A Large Radar Sensor Array System for Blast Furnace Burden Surface Imaging

et al. 2015

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In this paper, we present a radar sensor system for real-time blast furnace burden surface imaging inside a fully operative blast furnace, called BLASTDAR, the blast furnace radar. The designed frequency-modulated continuouswave (FMCW) radar sensor array operates in the frequency band around 77 GHz and consists of several nonuniformly spaced receive and transmit antennas, making it a multiple-input multiple-output radar system with large aperture. Mechanical steering is replaced by digital array processing techniques. Off-the-shelf automotive-qualified multichannel monolithic microwave integrated circuits are used. By means of this configuration, a virtual antenna array with 256 elements was developed that guarantees the desired angular resolution of better than 3°, and a range resolution of about 15 cm. Based on the single-channel FMCW signal model, this paper will derive a multichannel signal model in combination with a digital beamforming approach and further advanced signal processing algorithms. The implementation of a simulation tool covering the whole design process is shown. Based on these simulation results, a system configuration is chosen and the obtained setup is defined and presented. A description of the manufactured cost-efficient radio frequency and baseband boards together with the housing design shows the practical implementation of the sensor. For the system calibration, two different methods are listed and compared regarding their performance. Verification measurements confirm the predicted performance of the developed sensor. Several measurements inside a fully operational blast furnace demonstrate the proper long-term functionality of the system, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time worldwide. It is in continuous operation since about two years in blast furnace #5 of voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Linz.Index Terms-Sensor array, digital beamforming, speckle effect, radar imaging, blast furnace. 1530-437X has been a Key Researcher with the Austrian Center of Competence in Mechatronics, where he is responsible for numerous industrial projects. Since 2011, he has been a Full Professor with Johannes Kepler University Linz, where he is heading the Department for RF-Systems. He has authored or co-authored over 320 journal and conference papers. His research is focused on microwave sensor systems for industrial and automotive applications, radar concepts, SiGe-based circuit design, microwave packaging in eWLB, RF and microwave subsystems, surface acoustic wave sensor systems and applications, and digital signal processing for sensor signal evaluation. He is a member of the Austrian ÖVE. He has served as an Associate Editor of the IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS. He currently serves as the Co-Chair of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques (MTT)-27 Wireless-Enabled Automotive and Vehicular Applications. He was a recipient of several awards, including the 2008 IEEE MTT Society Stefan Scheiblhofer (S'03-M'

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On the Effects of Calibration Errors and Mutual Coupling on the Beam Pattern of an Antenna Array

Cited by 78 publications

References 21 publications

Improved Over-the-Air Phased Array Calibration Based on Measured Complex Array Signals

Improved Over-the-Air Phased Array Calibration Based on Measured Complex Array Signals

Generalised interval‐based analysis tool for pattern distortions in reflector antennas with bump‐like surface deformations

BLASTDAR—A Large Radar Sensor Array System for Blast Furnace Burden Surface Imaging

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