On the effect of several monovalent ions upon frog nerve

Gallego, A.; Nó, R. Lorente de

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030290302

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This diphasic change in the resting potential was first described by Gallego and Lorente de No (1947) who measured the demarcation potential of the frog nerve in Li+-Ringer. Later, Lundberg (1951) observed a similar change in the resting potential of the spinal root fiber.…”

Section: Effects On the Resting Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

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The cholinergic excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses of Aplysia ganglion cells during and after lithium‐ringer perfusion

1974

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SUMMARYThe excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses of Aplysia ganglion cells were elicited by either stimulating cholinergic afferent fibers or by topically applying acetylcholine (ACh) to the cell under study. The responses were evaluated as a n increase in membrane conductance and compared before, during, and after perfusion with Li+-Ringer. Excitatory postsynaptic responses were significantly depressed during 30-60 min of Li+-Ringer perfusion. Upon return to normal Ringer, they increased sharply beyond the control, showing post-Li + augmentation.Inhibitory postsynaptic responses were augmented during 30-60 min of Li +-Ringer perfusion when the cells were examined before treatment with anticholinesterase. After treatment with neostigmine, however, they were found to be also depressed in Li+-Ringer. This finding suggested a suppressing effect of Li +-Ringer on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity.The reversal potential of ACh-induced depolarizing response was altered from the normal value of -25 mV to -5 mV during 1-2 hr of Lif-Ringer perfusion and gradually returned to normal value in 2--3 hr after return to normal Ringer. The reversal potential of ACh-induced hyperpolarizing response remained practically unchanged ( -62 mV) during 1-2 hr of Li+-Ringer perfusion.Post-Li + augmentation of ACh-induced depolarizing responses was explained by a n increase in driving force for Na + movement resulting from a depletion of intracellular Na+. The systematic shift of the dose-response curves during Li +-Ringer perfusion suggested that the affinities of both excitatory and inhibitory receptors to ACh are depressed and the effect is greater on the excitatory receptors.

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Section: Effects On the Resting Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial hyperpolarization. Gallego and Lorente de N6 (1947) described that the initial hyperpolarization was not observable if the frog nerve had been pretreated with Na+-free Ringer. Since Lit-Ringer is Na+-free, it is expected that intracellular N a + would be replaced by entering Li+.…”

Section: Ono Sato and Maruhasi-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

The cholinergic excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses of Aplysia ganglion cells during and after lithium‐ringer perfusion

1974

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“…There is good evidence to suggest that cesium resembles rhubidium and potassium biologically as well as chemically: I) GALLEGO and DENo (1947) reported depolarization of frog nerve tissue in 0.11 molar solutions of Cs, Rb, K, NH, and Li.…”

Section: Robert Shapiromentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Report on the Use of Cesium Chloride in Contrast Radiography

Shapiro¹

1956

Acta Radiologica

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“…If lithium ions at the concentration 0.11 N are allowed to act upon freshly excised nerve for several hours the changes produced in the nerve fibers are not wholly reversible by transfer of the nerve to Ringer's solution (4). The deleterious effect of 0.11 M lithium chloride develops faster if the nerve has been previously deprived of sodium for 15 to 20 hours, and complete recovery in Ringer's solution is not obtained if the lithium ions are allowed to act upon the nerve for longer than 2 to 3 hours.…”

Section: Lithium Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of changes in the value of the membrane potential ( Fig. 3) were made with the technique previously described (4,7). Ii…”

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On the Effect of Ammonium and Lithium Ions Upon Frog Nerve Deprived of Sodium

Gallego

Nó

1951

Journal of General Physiology

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Overton demonstrated in 1902 (13) that sodium ions are necessary to maintain the excitability of the nerve fibers, since (a) the nerve fibers become inexcitable if the concentration of sodium ions in their external medium is decreased below a certain value (about 0.012 ~) and (b) the excitability of the nerve fibers can be restored by increasing the external concentration of sodium ions. In recent years the role of sodium in nerve function has been analyzed by and by Gallego (3) with frog nerve, and by Hodgkin and Katz (5) with invertebrate nerve fibers.Overton also demonstrated that lithium ions can substitute for sodium ions in so far as they can restore the excitability of nerve fibers that have become inexcitable in a sodium-free medium; the restoring action of lithium ions, however, is only temporary since the continued presence of lithium ions in the external medium again renders the nerve fibers inexcitable. The ability of lithium ions to substitute for sodium ions has been confirmed by Hodgkin and Katz who worked with the giant axon of the squid.In this paper an analysis is made of the effect of lithium ions upon frog nerve deprived of sodium. It has been found that lithium ions can restore the excitability of fibers of fast conduction (A fibers in Erlanger and Gasser's classification, cf. Erlanger, 1) as well as the excitability of fibers of slow conduction (C fibers in Erlanger and Gasser's classification). The effect of lithium ions upon sodium-deficient B fibers has not been investigated. On the other hand, it has been found that lithium ions cannot substitute for sodium ions in other aspects of nerve function, as should be expected from the observation made by Overton that prolonged action of lithium ions renders the nerve fibers inexcitable, and from the observation made by Gallego and Lorente de N6 (4) that lithium ions when present in the external medium of the nerve fibers at a high concentration cause a depolarization of the nerve fibers.According to Overton (13) ammonium ions are not able to restore the excitability of nerve deprived of sodium. Reexamination of this question seemed desirable, however, because Overton worked only with fibers of the A group (motor fibers) while Lorente de N6 (8) has shown that a number of quaternary ammonium ions, which are not able to restore the excitability of A fibers, 227

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On the effect of several monovalent ions upon frog nerve

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

The cholinergic excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses of Aplysia ganglion cells during and after lithium‐ringer perfusion

The cholinergic excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses of Aplysia ganglion cells during and after lithium‐ringer perfusion

A Preliminary Report on the Use of Cesium Chloride in Contrast Radiography

On the Effect of Ammonium and Lithium Ions Upon Frog Nerve Deprived of Sodium

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