On the Ecology of British Beechwoods with Special Reference to Their Regeneration

Watt, A. S.

doi:10.2307/2255601

Cited by 145 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…And, indeed, masting increases fitness of nutbearing trees (Watt 1923;Jensen 1985). For example, Jansen et al (2004) reported a 4.5-fold increase in per capita C. procera seedling establishment in seed-rich years relative to seed-poor years.…”

Section: Mastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How plants manipulate the scatter-hoarding behaviour of seed-dispersing animals

Wall

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

256

259

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Some plants that are dispersed by scatter-hoarding animals appear to have evolved the ability to manipulate the behaviour of those animals to increase the likelihood that seeds and nuts will be stored and that a portion of those items will not be recovered. Plants have achieved this in at least four ways. First, by producing large, nutritious seeds and nuts that are attractive to animals and that stimulate hoarding behaviour. Second, by imposing handling costs that cause animals to hoard rather than to eat items immediately. These handling costs can take one of two forms: physical barriers (e.g. hard seed coats) that take time to remove and secondary chemicals (e.g. tannins) that impose metabolic costs. Third, by masting, where a population of plants synchronizes reproductive effort, producing large nut crops at intervals of several years. Mast crops not only satiate seed predators, but also increase the amount of seed dispersal because scatter-hoarding animals are not easily satiated during caching (causing animals to store more food than they can consume) but are satiated during cache recovery. And fourth, by producing seeds that do not emit strong odours so that buried seeds are less likely to be discovered. These, and perhaps other, traits have increased the relative success of plant species with seeds dispersed by scatter-hoarding animals.

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Section: Mastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How plants manipulate the scatter-hoarding behaviour of seed-dispersing animals

Wall

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

256

259

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“…In mature beech stands of Europe, light levels in the understory are typically below 5% incident radiation [5,14,15,21,37,38,52]. Beech seedlings are able to persist for prolonged periods under these restricted light conditions [52], but respond favourably to canopy release with rapid increases in diameter and height growth [13,14,52].…”

Section: Pe Reynolds H Frochotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic acclimation of beech seedlings to full sunlight following a major windstorm event in France

Reynolds

Frochot

2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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-The effect of natural disturbance (windthrow of mature forests) on photosynthetic acclimation of shade-grown beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings was studied at a northeastern France location near Nancy in the Lorraine Region after a major windstorm event in December 1999. Treatments consisted of shaded and full sun plots prior to the storm, and plots where beech seedlings were released from shading by the storm. In 2000, beech in released and full sun plots were characterized by similar photosynthesis, transpiration, mesophyll conductance, and water use efficiencies, which were generally 2-fold higher than those for beech in shaded plots. Additionally, photosynthetic saturation curves did not differ for released and full sun treatments, but did differ from the shade treatment. However, stomatal conductance values for shaded and released beech did not differ, and were lower than those for full sunlight seedlings. Acclimation continued in 2001, but remained incomplete, as evidenced by similar intrinsic water use efficiency values for released and shade treatments, which were lower than the mean value for the full sun treatment. Plant water potential remained highest for shaded seedlings in both years. These findings suggest that full acclimation is a gradual process, occurring over successive growing seasons. We speculate that full acclimation may be directly related to future development of greater root biomass in released seedlings.beech / natural disturbance / photosynthetic acclimation / gas exchange / plant water potential Résumé -Acclimatation photosynthétique de semis de hêtre à la pleine lumière après une tempête de grande amplitude en France. L'effet d'une perturbation naturelle (suppression du couvert forestier) sur l'acclimatation photosynthétique de jeunes hêtres (Fagus sylvatica L.) a été étudié dans le Nord-Est de la France après la tempête exceptionnelle de décembre 1999. Les modalités comportaient des plants ombragés (poussant sous couvert), ensoleillés (poussant en pleine lumière) et découverts (poussant sous couvert puis en pleine lumière après tempête). En 2000, les hêtres découverts et ensoleillés étaient caractérisés par des valeurs similaires de photosynthèse, transpiration, conductance du mésophille, et efficience de l'utilisation de l'eau, qui étaient en général deux fois plus fortes que celles des hêtres ombragés. En outre, les courbes de saturation photosynthétique ne différaient pas entre plants découverts et ensoleillés, mais différaient des plants ombragés. Cependant, les valeurs de conductance stomatique des hêtres ombragés et découverts ne différaient pas entre elles, et étaient plus basses que celles des hêtres ensoleillés. L'acclimatation continuait en 2001, mais restait incomplète, comme le montrent les valeurs similaires d'efficience de l'utilisation de l'eau intrinsèque pour les hêtres découverts et ombragés, qui étaient plus basses que les valeurs moyennes pour les hêtres ensoleillés. Le potentiel hydrique des plants restait le plus élevé pour les hêtres ombragés au ...

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“…This latter also means that far less emphasis has been put on studying processes than in countries with different scientific traditions [c.f. 66,72,113,114,115,116].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Natural Stand Dynamics in Beechwoods of East Central Europe

Standovár

Kenderes

2003

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. This paper aims to present a review on the natural stand dynamics as recorded in 'virgin' and other untreated beech forest reserves in East Central Europe. This information can contribute to defining the reference point for nature-based management of beech forests. Topics covered include: distribution of beech, major beech forest types, growth characteristics, seed production and survival, germination and establishment, growth and mortality patterns during development, regeneration cycles, dead wood and herbaceous vegetation dynamics. Based on the analyses of scientific traditions, strengths and weaknesses of available information, recommendations for future research activities are also formulated.

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On the Ecology of British Beechwoods with Special Reference to Their Regeneration

Cited by 145 publications

References 0 publications

How plants manipulate the scatter-hoarding behaviour of seed-dispersing animals

How plants manipulate the scatter-hoarding behaviour of seed-dispersing animals

Photosynthetic acclimation of beech seedlings to full sunlight following a major windstorm event in France

A Review on Natural Stand Dynamics in Beechwoods of East Central Europe

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