On the East Iranian Genitive Plural Ending

Peyrot, Michaël

doi:10.1163/15728536-06102003

Indo-Iran. J.

2018

DOI: 10.1163/15728536-06102003

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On the East Iranian Genitive Plural Ending

Michaël Peyrot

Abstract: The Khotanese and Sogdian genitive plural endings cannot be satisfactorily explained from the traditionally posited ending -nām. Instead, Khotanese -nu and Sogdian -nw point to -nam. Instead of assuming a special rule that shortens the expected -nām to -nam, it is argued that the evidence from East Iranian is to be taken at face value. A short ending *-om can be reconstructed for Proto-Indo-European as well and the East Iranian reflexes of a short ending are probably an archaism.

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“… M178, i, R2-3 (in Henning 1948: 307).6 For the short vowel (*am rather than *am) in the Old Iranian forms underlying the Sogdian gen. pl. endings seePeyrot (2018).7 A very few relevant forms are found in the Upper Indus inscriptions (of about the same date as the Ancient Letters), see example (17) and n. 9. The still earlier inscriptions of Kultobe do not seem to attest any plural or collective forms.…”

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Plural and Collective in the Sogdian Ancient Letters

Sims-Williams

2021

Trans of the Philol Soc

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In most varieties of Sogdian, all regular plural forms of nouns and adjectives are formed with a suffix which derives from the Old Iranian collective suffix *-t a-. In the earliest substantial Sogdian documents, however, the so-called 'Ancient Letters' of the early 4th century CE, it can be shown that forms with this suffix differ in their syntax as well as their morphology from the plural forms inherited from Old Iranian and thus form a grammatical category distinct from 'plural'. com/entries/encyclopaedia-iranica-online). Note the abbreviations indicating the three main scripts used for writing Sogdian, all of which are ultimately of Aramaic origin: C = Christian (i.e. Syriac) script; M = Manichaean script; S = Sogdian script.2 These examples are cited from Gershevitch (1954: § §1415-1416, 1433-1434). Note that M ṭ, C t (Aramaic ṭeth) and M t, C h (Aramaic tau), are interchangeable as ways of indicating the phoneme /t/. After a nasal, /t/ has the voiced allophone [d], which is optionally written as d in M and C texts. Thus the pl. ending -t, -tʾ sometimes appears as -d, -dʾ, for example in M xʾnd 'those' cited below.3 Vessantara J ataka, lines 676-677 and 24 respectively. The Sogdian gen. case combines the functions of the Old Iranian gen. and dat. 4 There is also a '2nd person demonstrative' based on the stems s-/ʾ s-and t-/ʾt-(Sims-Williams 1994), but this will not come into the argument here.

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Plural and Collective in the Sogdian Ancient Letters

Sims-Williams

2021

Trans of the Philol Soc

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Sound Change or Analogy? Palatalisation in the Plural Paradigm of the Khotanese i-declension

Del Tomba

2024

AOrient

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The article deals with the origin of palatalisation in the plural paradigm of the Khotanese i-declension. According to the common view, palatalisation resulted from regular sound change only in the nominative-accusative plural, with the etymological form of the endings remaining not-palatalised in the rest of the plural inflection. Subsequently, there emerged a tendency for the palatalised allomorph to become generalised and extend across the paradigm. However, a thorough examination of older and later Old Khotanese manuscripts challenges this perspective, revealing no evidence of original allomorphy between the palatalised and non-palatalised stem variants in the plural. This study demonstrates that palatalisation did not originate from analogical levellings but rather arose from regular sound change. Additionally, the article draws a comparison between the i-declension plural paradigm and the inflection of most numerals greater than ‘three’, which exhibit palatalisation in all case forms except for the nominative-accusative.

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On the East Iranian Genitive Plural Ending

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Plural and Collective in the Sogdian Ancient Letters

Plural and Collective in the Sogdian Ancient Letters

Sound Change or Analogy? Palatalisation in the Plural Paradigm of the Khotanese i-declension

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