On the Earth-Space Site Diversity Modeling: A Novel Physical-Mathematical Outage Prediction Model

Kourogiorgas, Charilaos I.; Panagopoulos, Athanasios D.; Kanellopoulos, J.D.

doi:10.1109/tap.2012.2207073

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The attenuation fluctuations (or fading) η β can be modeled as inverse Gaussian distribution [13][14][15] in MIMO channels…”

Section: Model Of Rain Fading Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the factors of the atmospheric turbulence [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tiny building jitter [3,7], and rainfall [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] limit widespread application of FSO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physicalmathematical models for the prediction of rain fading distribution have been proposed in such as lognormal distribution [9], gamma distribution [10], Weibull distribution [11,12] and inverse Gaussian (IG) [13][14][15]. For atmospheric turbulence fading distribution, in weak scintillation region, log-normal distribution is the most commonly used model in application [1][2][3]7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that the IG distribution can substitute the log-normal distribution and can be applied to MIMO FSO system [17,21,22]. On the other hand, rainfall is inevitable natural phenomenon, and rain attenuation prediction modeling is of utmost importance for the reliable design and performance evaluation of line-of-sight (LOS) millimeter-wave terrestrial link [13][14][15]. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is almost no discussion with respect to the effects of turbulence and rainfall on the probability distribution of Gaussian-Schell electromagnetism beams in raining turbulence (the coexisting of the turbulence and rainfall) fading channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Outage Probability and Bit-Error Rate for Communication Systems With Gaussian-Schell Electromagnetism Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Raining Turbulence

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2015

PIER C

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Abstract-Two major performance degrading factors in free space optical communication systems are rainfall and atmospheric turbulence. We study the outage probability and bit-error rate for free-space communication links with spatial diversity and Gaussian-Schell electromagnetism beams over the raining turbulence fading channels by double inverse Gaussian distribution proposed in this paper. Assuming intensity-modulation/direct detection with on-off keying and perfect channel state information, we derive expressions of average bit-error rate and outage probability of multiple-input multiple-output free space optical communication systems over double inverse Gaussian model. The effects of scintillation index of raining turbulence, spatially coherence of source, pointing errors and spectral index of nonKolmogorov turbulence on the outage probability and bit-error rate of multiple-input multiple-output free space optical communication systems are examined.

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“…The attenuation fluctuations (or fading) η β can be modeled as inverse Gaussian distribution [13][14][15] in MIMO channels…”

Section: Model Of Rain Fading Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the factors of the atmospheric turbulence [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tiny building jitter [3,7], and rainfall [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] limit widespread application of FSO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Outage Probability and Bit-Error Rate for Communication Systems With Gaussian-Schell Electromagnetism Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Raining Turbulence

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2015

PIER C

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“…In [2]- [4], various methods are proposed. Recently, the radiocommunications sector of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has published a methodology for the prediction of joint exceedance probability of rain attenuation in ITU-R. P. 618-10 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of joint rainfall rate and rain attenuation statistics using Archimedean Copula functions

Kourogiorgas¹,

Livieratos

Panagopoulos³

et al. 2014

The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)

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In this paper the theory of Copula functions is used for the modeling of joint exceedance probability of rain rate on two points and rain attenuation on two links. Joint statistics of rain rate and rain attenuation are employed in order to evaluate and design site diversity systems operating at frequencies above 10 GHz. Copula functions are used in order to couple the single marginal distributions of dependent variables. In this paper, four Copula functions are investigated for the modeling of joint exceedance probability of rain attenuation and rain rate for different sites and various site separation distances. It is found that the error performance of these statistics shows that they are appropriate for modeling the joint exceedance probability of rain attenuation. However, for small separation distances, it seems that other Copulas shall be used such as the Gumbel-Hoogard. Finally, some useful conclusions are drawn.Index Terms-Copulas, site diversity, rain attenuation.

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Measured and modeled spatial rain rate correlation to improve the prediction method for satellite site diversity

et al. 2014

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Rainfall rate varies both temporarily and spatially. Radio systems, where rain attenuation causes outages, may take advantage of this effect to increase the radio link or satellite link availability using diversity techniques. In the Oslo region with Norwegian Meteorological Institute located at Blindern, there are 24 tipping bucket rain gauges within 50 km radius of the institute where each station has 5 years or more of simultaneous data periods with the station at the institute. The simultaneous data have been used to calculate spatial rain rate correlation and derive a prediction method based on separation distance and orientation with respect to dominating weather direction. Part of joint rain rate distribution was fitted to lognormal to find the measured correlation coefficients. In addition, an analysis of independent radiosonde data suggests that prevailing wind at 700 hPa or 850 hPa altitude (approximately 3000 m or 1500 m above sea level), conditioned thunderstorm index in the range of 15 to 20, may be used to identify the actual rainfall movement or dominant weather direction. Compared with current recommended method by the Radiocommunication Sector of International Telecommunication Union, the new method gives an improved site diversity prediction judged by site selection of minimum 20 GHz attenuation data measured in 2012 from Earth stations located at Nittedal and Kjeller separated by 23 km.

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On the Earth-Space Site Diversity Modeling: A Novel Physical-Mathematical Outage Prediction Model

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Outage Probability and Bit-Error Rate for Communication Systems With Gaussian-Schell Electromagnetism Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Raining Turbulence

Outage Probability and Bit-Error Rate for Communication Systems With Gaussian-Schell Electromagnetism Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Raining Turbulence

Modeling of joint rainfall rate and rain attenuation statistics using Archimedean Copula functions

Measured and modeled spatial rain rate correlation to improve the prediction method for satellite site diversity

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