On the Early History of Urban Ecology in Europe

Abstract

Sukopp H. (2002): On the early history of urban ecology in Europe. Praha, Early investigations on the ecology of cities were in the tradition of natural history and focused on single biotopes. Of special interest were the plants and animals introduced into new areas directly or indirectly by man. In Central Europe, studies of anthropogenic plant migrations and cultural history were combined in a specific way, the so called Thellungian paradigm. The succession of vegetation on ruins after the bombing during the Second World War was studied in many cities. Ecological studies on whole cities started in the 1970s with investigations on energy flow and nutrient cycling. Today the term urban ecology is used in two different ways: in developing programs for sustainable cities, and in investigation of living organisms in relation to their environment in towns and cities.K e y w o r d s : urban flora and vegetation, human impact, ecological studies, Thellungian paradigm

Sustopia or Cosmopolis? A Critical Reflection on the Sustainable City

“…Also, people started to bring nature into cities. Motivations for urban greening based on health and human well-being helped to constitute urban green-spaces, making them suitable for leisure, regeneration and exercise [32,45,46]. Therefore, large open spaces were created [42].…”

“…Therefore, large open spaces were created [42]. The greening of Paris and the construction of Parks in London, for example [46,47], emphasised the regenerative qualities and powers of sunlight and greenery for stressed, ill, or hard-working citizens [34,42,48,49].…”

Community Arctio-Artemisetum vulgaris (Tx. 1942) Oberd. et al. 1967.: The most widespread ruderal community at Pancevacki rit

“…Pored problema urbane ruderalne flore i vegetacije velikih gradova u svetu (Erhart, 2002;Sukopp, 2002;Pyšek, 2003;Brandes, 2004; Pyšek i sar., 2004), i kod nas su obavljena slična istraži-vanja na teritorijama gradova: Novog Sada, Beograda, Loznice, Kikinde, Kragujevca, Kosovske Mitrovice i dr. (Janković i sar., 1986;Jovanović, 1994;Jovanović i Mitrović, 1998;Marinković, 1998;Milinčić, 1998;Sretković, 1998). Takođe, istraživanja ruderalne flore i vegetacije su rađena i van urbane sredine, pored puteva sredine, 11080 Beograd, Banatska 31b, Srbija (radmila.stankovic@pesting.org.rs) 2 Biološki fakultet, 11000 Beograd, Studentski trg 12-16, Srbija REZIME Na području Pančevačkog rita su obavljena višegodišnja floristička istraživanja rasprostranjenosti, fitocenološke diferenciranosti, strukturalne i antropogene uslovljenosti ruderalne vegetacije.…”

Changes in presence of alien species in the ruderal vegetation of a representative ecosystem in a major city over 30 years: a case study from Bratislava

“…Cities are places where human activity significantly influences an ecosystem [1,2]. Cities represent unique environments with specific…”