“…Bloch's work was followed by Mead et al (Mead and Markus, 1969; Mead, 1975), who developed a method for investigating harmonic wave propagation in periodic structures. Research has since taken place into a wide range of structures, such as mono-coupled periodic systems (Faulkner and Hong, 1985), beam grillage under harmonic point loading (Langley et al, 1997), a periodic Bernoulli–Euler beam (Yu et al, 2009), beam grids (Bordiga et al, 2019; Botshekan et al, 2019; Bacigalupo and Lepidi, 2018), and metamaterials with locally resonant components (Nouh et al, 2015; Ragonese and Nouh, 2021). Many engineering applications of periodic structures exist, including wave-beaming devices (Vonflotow, 1986; Yong and Lin, 1989; Ma et al, 2013) and filters (Mead and Markus, 1969; Mead, 1975; Brillouin, 2003).…”