On the dynamic-mechanical relaxations of polyaniline (dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid) - salt

Ikkala, Olli; Jaarinen, J.; Lindholm, T.; Taka, T.; Salmela, O.; Väkiparta, K.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(94)02431-w

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The peak material's temperature is deexhibit softening in the range of 145-150ЊC. A termined by the process initial temperature, the glass transition temperature of 133ЊC was redoping heat of reaction, and the heat evolved due ported 18 for a 1 : 2.5 PANI/DBSA system. It to shearing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small strips of the washed complex (2.6 1 1.5 1 0.25 cm) were also prepared by room temthe T g is Ç 135ЊC, whereas without a DBSA excess, molar ratio 1 : 0.5, the T g is Ç 230ЊC. 16,18,19 perature compression molding at a pressure of 800 atm. The strips' conductivity was measured Another important finding is by X-ray studies, 10,17 revealing for the material after thermal doping using a four-probe method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal dynamic processing of polyaniline with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid

Titelman

Zilberman

Siegmann

et al. 1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:To attain an intrinsically conductive and processible polymer, polyaniline (PANI)/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) blends of several compositions were processed at various elevated temperatures in a Brabender plastograph. The blends' temperatures during processing, as affected by the blends' composition and initial process temperature, were monitored. Accordingly, the process includes the following main stages: heating the blend, exothermic PANI-DBSA doping reaction accompanied by a paste to a solidlike transition, and plasticization of the resulting PANI/DBSA complex by the excess DBSA. Composition analysis of the process products sampled at the various stages showed that the initial blends, prior to their thermal processing, already consisted of partially doped PANI particles, having a core/shell structure; the core consists of PANI base and the shell of PANI(DBSA) 0.32 complex. In addition, at the pasteto-solidlike transition, the doping reaction is completed; further mixing does not affect the complex composition, but results in conductivity reduction. The morphology of the blends sampled at the various processing stages was studied by electron microscopy. From the conductivity and processibility point of view, optimal PANI/DBSA blend composition and processing temperature were identified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal dynamic processing of polyaniline with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid

Titelman

Zilberman

Siegmann

et al. 1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…[7][8][9][10] The large-scale application of PANi is sometimes limited by the insolubility of its protonated state and the dificulty of processing by conventional methods. This short-coming has usually been overcome by preparing PANi films in functionalised acids, 11,12 or by the synthesis of various PANi copolymers, 13,14 as well as the polymerization of different alkyl-ring substituted monomers. Whereas many reports deal with the electrochemical synthesis and properties of aniline derivatives, much less is known about their polymerization mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical synthesis of poly(2-methyl aniline): electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization

Bužarovska

Arsova

Arsov

2001

JSCS

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Poly(2-methyl aniline) or poly(ortho-toluidine), as ring substituted derivative of aniline, has been synthesized electrochemically in various concentrations of H2SO4 and HCl, and then characterized by cyclic voltammetry, as well as by impedance and Raman spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammograms of poly(o-toluidine) and poly(aniline) show that the electrochemical polymerization of these two polymers proceeds by almost identical mechanisms. The Raman spectroscopical measurements suggest that the redox reactions of poly(aniline) and poly(o-toluidine) are similar in the potential range between -0.2 and 0.7V vs. SCE. The impedance measurements showed that the conductivity of poly(o-toluidine) is an order of magnitude lower than that of the corresponding poly(aniline) form.

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“…[9][10][11] In this case intractable polyaniline can be rendered soluble or fusible with an alkyl containing surfactant 10,12 with a reduced glass transition temperature. 13 Also more special surfactants can be used, not containing alkyl chains: polyaniline (PANI) complexed with camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) yields exceptionally high solubility and liquid-crystalline structures in mcresol. 14 Recently it has been suggested that the synergistic phenomena of phenols with PANI (CSA) are due to the molecular recognition phenomena where m-cresol forms simultaneously both a hydrogen bond and a phenyl/phenyl interaction with the PANI (CSA) complex due to the steric fit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Interaction Strength for Surfactant-Induced Mesomorphic Structures in Polymer−Surfactant Systems

et al. 1996

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The critical interaction strength to induce mesomorphic structures in flexible polymers by complexing with surfactants is determined by using surfactants with different hydrogen-bonding strengths. Two essential requirements have to be satisfied: (i) the association has to be strong enough, otherwise the structure dissociates. (ii) The polar-nonpolar repulsion has to be sufficiently strong to induce microphase separation. If the latter requirement is not satisfied, but the association is sufficiently strong, a characteristic comb polymer-like SAXS peak will still be present in the homogeneous melt state. To address these issues experimentally, poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) was combined with different classes of hydrogen-bonding surfactants: alkyl aromatic alcohols, alkyl carboxylic acids, alkyl aliphatic alcohols, and alkyl aliphatic amines. FTIR, SAXS, WAXS, and optical microscopy demonstrate that alkyl aromatic alcohols, such as 1-dodecyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate yield mesomorphic structures at not too high a temperature. Alkyl carboxylic acids are somewhat less effective. In the melt state, the SAXS data still show a peak, but because no birefringence could be found, the peak is attributed to block copolymer-like concentration fluctuations in an otherwise homogeneous state. Aliphatic alkyl alcohols yield still weaker hydrogen bonding. In the melt the short alkyl aliphatic alcohol surfactants form a homogeneous mixture with P4VP, but a SAXS peak is no longer observed. The longer ones macrophase separate. Both the alkyl carboxylic acids and the short alkyl aliphatic alcohols partly macrophase separate at lower temperatures due to crystallization.

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On the dynamic-mechanical relaxations of polyaniline (dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid) - salt

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Thermal dynamic processing of polyaniline with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid

Thermal dynamic processing of polyaniline with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid

Electrochemical synthesis of poly(2-methyl aniline): electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization

Critical Interaction Strength for Surfactant-Induced Mesomorphic Structures in Polymer−Surfactant Systems

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