On the Drug-Resistance of Enteric Bacteria

Mitsuhashi, Susumu; Hashimoto, Hajime; Morimura, Masato; TANAKA, Sanjuro; ATSUMI, Kamesaburo; TABEI, Fumio; Harada, Kenji; Kameda, Mitsuo; Suzuki, Mitsue; AKITA, Yoshito; Takahashi, Masao

doi:10.3412/jsb.15.1239

Cited by 6 publications

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“…The transmissible drug resistance could be lost spontaneously or eliminated by treatment with acridine dyes (11)(12)(13). Hence, these genetic determinants share many of the properties of bacterial episomes or plasmids and the term "R" (resistance) was proposed for this transmissible property (5).…”

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Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria IX. Distribution of R Factors in Gram-negative Bacteria from Clinical Sources

et al. 1967

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Many isolates belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae were collected in 1965 from the inpatients at geographically scattered hospitals in Japan. Among 2,650 Shigella strains examined, 58.4% were found to be drug-resistant; 95.0% of these resistant strains were multiply resistant. Among 434 resistant strains examined, 81 % carried R factors that were transferable by cell-to-cell contact. Of 160 isolates of other enteric bacteria, drug-resistant strains included 84.2% of the Escherichia coli, 93.0% of the Klebsiella, and 90.0% of the Proteus cultures. Among these resistant strains, 70.3% of the E. coli, 66.7% of the Klebsiella, and 52.0% of the Proteus were multiply resistant. Of these resistant strains, 84.0% of the E. coli, 88.0% of the Klebsiella, and 50.0% of the Proteus strains carried R factors. These results indicate that R factors are widespread among gram-negative bacteria of clinical significance.

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Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria IX. Distribution of R Factors in Gram-negative Bacteria from Clinical Sources

et al. 1967

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“…(vi) The transmissible drug resistance is eliminated spontaneously on standing, or by treatment with acridine dyes Kameda, 1960b, 1961c, d;Watanabe and Fukusawa, 1961b). (vii) The term "R" (resistance) was proposed for this transmissible drug-resistance factor (Mitsuhashi, 1960). (viii) Watanabe and Fukusawa (1960) suggested the possibility that this type of drug resistance may be carried by an episome "Rtf" (resistancetransfer factor).…”

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Combination of Two Types of Transmissible Drug-Resistance Factors in a Host Bacterium

et al. 1962

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Combination of two types of transmissible drug-resistance factors in a host bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 84:9-16. 1962.-When two types of R factor, R(TC) and R (CM.SM. SA), or R(TC) and R (CM), were brought together in a host bacterium by superinfection with both factors, loss of either one or both factors was found. In the imperfectly stable existence of both factors in a host bacterium, both factors were transmitted separately by conjugation. As the result of interaction between the two types of R factor present in a host bacterium, recombinant factors were formed, R25 (TC CM. SM. SA) and R31 (CM. TC). The recombinant factors were able to transfer their resistance by conjugation. They were also transduced as one unit into Escherichia coli K12 by Plkc phage in the same fashion as the original Ri, (TC. CM. SM. SA) and R14 (CM. TC) factors independently isolated from dysenteric patients. The first isolation of multiply resistant Shigella was reported by Kitamoto et al. (1956). This organism was resistant to four drugs: tetracycline (TC), chloramphenicol (CM), streptomycin (SM), and sulfanilamide (SA). Escherichia coli strains resistant to these four drugs were also isolated in an epidemic of S. flexneri 3a resistant to the same agents (Matsuyama et al., 1958). S. flexneri 2a and E. coli, which were resistant to CM, SM, and SA, were also isolated in another epidemic in 1958 (Mitsuhashi, Harada, and Hashimoto, 1960a). E. freundii and E. coli, which were resistant to TC, CM, SM, and SA, were isolated in 1959 from a dysenteric patient (Harada et al., 1959). Many shigellae isolated from human cases of dysentery in Japan have 10 J. BACTERIOL.

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“…However, it has been shown that E. coli strains harboring the Frelated plasmids such as fi+R factors do not permit plaque formation by MS2 phage, but permit propagation of MS2 in liquid cultures (10,11). During recent years an extensive spread of such plasmids has occurred in the wild enterobacteria, especially E. coli (7,12). Our results on the very wide distribution of RNA phages in nature may be a reflection of the existence of populations of such bacteria in the habitats sampled by us.…”

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Synthesis of Indicator Strains and Density of Ribonucleic Acid-Containing Coliphages in Sewage

Dhillon¹,

Dhillon²

1974

Applied Microbiology

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Escherichia coli strains freshly isolated from natural sources are inefficient indicators of coliphages present in sewage. Four E. coli strains recently isolated from clinical specimens were mutagenized to obtain lacmutants. Such mutants were infected with an F'lac+ sex factor of E. coli K-12. Pairs of isogenic lac-and lac-/F'lac+ strains were used as indicators of coliphages present in sewage, and it was found that such strains can be effectively used for a direct and almost selective enumeration of F-specific coliphage contents of sewage samples. Serological tests were applied to a number of F-specific phages isolated. All the isolates that were tested fell into two distinguishable antigenic classes: members of one class being related to ribonucleic acid (RNA) phage MS2 and those of the other being related to another RNA phage, namely, Qf,. MS2-related phages have been found to be more widely distributed than the Qf# related phages. Most

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On the Drug-Resistance of Enteric Bacteria

Cited by 6 publications

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Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria IX. Distribution of R Factors in Gram-negative Bacteria from Clinical Sources

Drug Resistance of Enteric Bacteria IX. Distribution of R Factors in Gram-negative Bacteria from Clinical Sources

Combination of Two Types of Transmissible Drug-Resistance Factors in a Host Bacterium

Synthesis of Indicator Strains and Density of Ribonucleic Acid-Containing Coliphages in Sewage

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