On the drag reduction effect and shear stability of improved acrylamide copolymers for enhanced hydraulic fracturing

Brun, Niccolò Le; Zadrazil, Ivan; Norman, Lewis R.; Bismarck, Alexander; Markides, Christos N.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2016.02.009

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Chemical Sturcture Name Chemical Sturcture Recently, Brun et al [77] investigated the DR and mechanical stability of poly(AAm-co-NaAMPS) solutions under shear in a turbulent pipe flow, and found that the NaAMPS portion in the main backbone of the drag reducer enhances the DR efficiency of PAAM. They also suggested that the presence of NaAMPS in the copolymer does not significantly influence the mechanical degradation of the polymeric chains.…”

Section: Namementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Turbulent Drag Reduction

2017

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Water-soluble polymers with high molecular weights are known to decrease the frictional drag in turbulent flow very effectively at concentrations of tens or hundreds of ppm. This drag reduction efficiency of water-soluble polymers is well known to be closely associated with the flow conditions and rheological, physical, and/or chemical characteristics of the polymers added. Among the many promising polymers introduced in the past several decades, this review focuses on recent progress in the drag reduction capability of various water-soluble macromolecules in turbulent flow including both synthetic and natural polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(acrylic acid), polyacrylamide, poly(N-vinyl formamide), gums, and DNA. The polymeric species, experimental parameters, and numerical analysis of these water-soluble polymers in turbulent drag reduction are highlighted, along with several existing and potential applications. The proposed drag reduction mechanisms are also discussed based on recent experimental and numerical researches. This article will be helpful to the readers to understand better the complex behaviors of a turbulent flow with various water-soluble polymeric additives regarding experimental conditions, drag reduction mechanisms, and related applications.

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Section: Namementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Turbulent Drag Reduction

2017

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“…The addition of very small amounts (parts per million) of some polymeric materials can significantly reduce frictional pressure drop in pipes and associated pumping requirements. This phenomenon is called drag reduction and has found extensive applications not only in crude oil transportation, but also in other areas including well drilling and hydrofracking operations, settling and filtration of oil-sand tailings, domestic heating and cooling, waste water treatment, as well as suppression of atherosclerosis and prevention of haemorrhagic shock, firefighting (Le Brun et al, 2016;Abubakar et al, 2014b;Wang et al, 2011;Al-Sarkhi, 2010). Polymers with no effect on the quality of water can be used for transportation of drinking water from treatment plants to points of use (Edomwonyi-Otu and Adelakun, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separated oil-water flows with drag reducing polymers

Edomwonyi‐Otu

Angeli

2019

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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The effects on velocity and turbulent properties of drag reducing polymers added in the water phase of oil-water flows were studied with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The experiments were performed in separated horizontal oil-water flows in an acrylic pipe with an internal diameter of 14 mm. The test fluids were tap water (1.0 mPas, density = 1000 kg/m 3 ) and a middle distillate oil (Exxsol D140; viscosity = 5.5 mPas, density = 828 kg/m 3 ). Magnafloc 1011 (hydrolysed copolymer of polyacrylamide and sodium acrylate, HPAM; mol. wt. = 10 x 10 6 g/mol) was used as drag reducing agent in the water phase at 20 ppm concentration. Results showed that the polymer reduced frictional pressure drop at all conditions studied. The addition of polymer decreased the interface height and increased the in-situ average water velocity. The velocity profile in the water phase became more parabolic compared to the flow without polymer while the maximum velocity value increased. In addition, when polymer was added the axial stress tensor decreased close to the interface and the wall but increased in the middle of the flow, while the Reynolds and radial stress tensors reduced throughout the water phase. Two types of polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymers with different molecular weights, 5 x 10 6 g/mol and 8 x 10 6 g/mol were also tested. Drag reduction was found to increase with polymer molecular weight but depended also on the mechanical degradation of the polymers at high Reynolds numbers and on their ionic strength.

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“…Belokin et al [103] demonstrated that certain soluble high-molecular organosilicone polymers, such as poly(dimethyl siltrimethylene) and poly(dimethyl silmethylene), are very effective for reduction of turbulent frictional resistance in kerosene, and there are many ongoing studies [104][105][106]. In addition, a number of other applications of drag in oilfields have been studied, including enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications [107,108] and hydraulic fracturing [77,109].…”

Section: Applications Of Polymer-induced Drag Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 14 illustrates the drag reduction characteristics of DAPS-10 (copolymers of AAM and AMPDAPS). Recently, Brun et al [77] investigated the DR and mechanical stability of poly(AAm-co-NaAMPS) solutions under shear in a turbulent pipe flow, and found that the NaAMPS portion in the main backbone of the drag reducer enhances the DR efficiency of PAAM. They also suggested that the presence of NaAMPS in the copolymer does not significantly influence the mechanical degradation of the polymeric chains.…”

Section: Water-soluble Copolymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a contrasting case, Schilli et al examined doubly responsive poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(NIPAM) (PAA-b-PNIPAM) block copolymers. With increasing pH from 4.5 to approximately 5-7, the LCST of the PNIPAM increased from 29 to 35 • C [77]. In a system applying similar NMP techniques that was used here, PAA-b-poly(diethyl acrylamide) (PAA-b-PDEAAm) was made in dispersion and the hydrodynamic radius was measured as a function of pH at different temperatures (15,25 and 50 • C) [78].…”

Section: Block Copolymers With Both Ph and Temperature Sensitivitiesmentioning

On the drag reduction effect and shear stability of improved acrylamide copolymers for enhanced hydraulic fracturing

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Turbulent Drag Reduction

Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Turbulent Drag Reduction

Separated oil-water flows with drag reducing polymers

Water Soluble Polymers

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