On the distortion of binaural localization cues using headphones

Adams, Stephen; Boland, Frank

doi:10.1049/cp.2010.0492

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The generic HRTF evaluation was done using an HRTF set obtained using Neumann KU100 binaural microphone. Sennheiser HD 650 headphones were used for the binaural tests due to the low variability in frequency response between coupling and decoupling of the headphones with the ears [42]. Frequency response of the headphones was compensated using inverse filters based on responses measured with the KU100 dummy-head.…”

Section: Spatial Audio Renderingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Localization in Low-Bitrate Compressed Ambisonic Scenes

et al. 2019

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The increasing popularity of Ambisonics as a spatial audio format for streaming services poses new challenges to existing audio coding techniques. Immersive audio delivered to mobile devices requires an efficient bitrate compression that does not affect the spatial quality of the content. Good localizability of virtual sound sources is one of the key elements that must be preserved. This study was conducted to investigate the localization precision of virtual sound source presentations within Ambisonic scenes encoded with Opus low-bitrate compression at different bitrates and Ambisonic orders (1st, 3rd, and 5th). The test stimuli were reproduced over a 50-channel spherical loudspeaker configuration and binaurally using individually measured and generic Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs). Participants were asked to adjust the position of a virtual acoustic pointer to match the position of virtual sound source within the bitrate-compressed Ambisonic scene. Results show that auditory localization in low-bitrate compressed Ambisonic scenes is not significantly affected by codec parameters. The key factors influencing localization are the rendering method and Ambisonic order truncation. This suggests that efficient perceptual coding might be successfully used for mobile spatial audio delivery.

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Section: Spatial Audio Renderingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Localization in Low-Bitrate Compressed Ambisonic Scenes

et al. 2019

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“…Although no headphone equalisation was applied, high quality open-back headphones with matched transducers were used (Sennheiser HD-650 ) that mitigated the effect of headphone distortion on binaural signals. 38 Each virtual loudspeaker feed was convolved with the corresponding HRIR filter pair at runtime using the Pure Data visual programming environment. 39 was used to make the localisation of audio sources invariant to head rotation.…”

Section: Implementation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth perception of audio sources in stereo 3D environments

et al. 2013

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In this paper we undertook perceptual experiments to determine the allowed differences in depth between audio and visual stimuli in stereoscopic-3D environments while being perceived as congruent. We also investigated whether the nature of the environment and stimuli affects the perception of congruence. This was achieved by creating an audio-visual environment consisting of a photorealistic visual environment captured by a camera under orthostereoscopic conditions and a virtual audio environment generated by measuring the acoustic properties of the real environment. The visual environment consisted of a room with a loudspeaker or person forming the visual stimulus and was presented to the viewer using a passive stereoscopic display. Pink noise samples and female speech were used as audio stimuli which were presented over headphones using binaural renderings. The stimuli were generated at different depths from the viewer and the viewer was asked to determine whether the audio stimulus was nearer, further away or at the same depth as the visual stimulus. From our experiments it is shown that there is a significant range of depth differences for which audio and visual stimuli are perceived as congruent. Furthermore, this range increases as the depth of the visual stimulus increases.

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“…3 The variations in the frequency responses of different sets of headphones have been shown 4,5 to be as large as the variations in the HRTFs themselves, clearly demonstrating the need for headphone equalization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting randomness in acoustic impulse responses to achieve headphone compensation through deconvolution

Kelly

Boland

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This paper presents a method of headphone/earphone equalization based upon deconvolution of the headphone impulse response from other acoustic filters in the processing chain. The methods presented are thus applicable to areas such as spatial audio, where input signals are processed with binaural impulse responses. The extraction of low order from higher order acoustic impulse responses is justified based upon an application of the theory pertaining to the clustering of the zeros of random coefficient polynomials about the unit circle. An argument is presented supporting the applicability of this theory to acoustic impulse responses. Such an equalization method guarantees a considerable reduction in computational effort over traditional separate compensating filters. A comparison is presented of the implementation of the equalization using the homomorphic method and least squares method with and without regularization to a traditional separate least squares inverse filter. The proposed approach is shown to have a performance comparable to a separate least squares designed compensator, often giving superior performance despite a large reduction in complexity.

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On the distortion of binaural localization cues using headphones

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Auditory Localization in Low-Bitrate Compressed Ambisonic Scenes

Auditory Localization in Low-Bitrate Compressed Ambisonic Scenes

Depth perception of audio sources in stereo 3D environments

Exploiting randomness in acoustic impulse responses to achieve headphone compensation through deconvolution

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