On the discrimination of semi-graphite and graphite by Raman spectroscopy

Rantitsch, Gerd; Lämmerer, Wolfgang; Fisslthaler, Evelin; Mitsche, Stefan; Kaltenböck, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2016.04.001

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thus, the CM spectra of none graphitized CM are usually curve-fitted by five Lorentz functions (Lahfid et al 2010) or a mixture of four Lorentz and one Gauss function (Sadezky et al 2005); thus, several functions are needed to describe the intensity distribution in the D-band-and G-band-region ( Figure 4a). In the case of graphitic CM, the intensity distribution in the D-band-and Gband-region reduces to three distinct bands, the D-band (s.s.), the G-band (s.s.) and the D 0 -band ( Figure 4b), and each band is commonly described by one Voigt function, namely the D1-, D2-, G-, and if present the D3-function (Beyssac et al 2002, Rantitsch et al 2016.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Raman Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most widely used temperature range is about 330-650°C (Beyssac et al 2002), but attempts have been made to expand this range to diagenetic temperatures (e.g., Rahl et al 2005, Lahfid et al 2010, Kouketsu et al 2014). Furthermore, the RSCM method is easily applicable and nondestructive, requires little sample preparation and thus is frequently applied in organic petrology studies, in which it is commonly correlated with organic maturity (Liu et al 2013, Hinrichs et al 2014, Wilkins et al 2014, Rantitsch et al 2016.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Towards a Higher Comparability of Geothermometric Data Obtained by Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material. Part 2: A Revised Geothermometer

Lünsdorf

Dunkl

Schmidt

et al. 2017

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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The estimation of the peak metamorphic temperature by Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) is influenced by several bias sources grouped in measuring conditions, spectral processing and sample heterogeneity. The measuring conditions (selected excitation wavelength) and the operator bias during spectral processing have a pronounced impact on the temperature estimate and thus on the comparability and portability of thermometric data obtained by RSCM. Several calibration lines of RSCM geothermometers are published already, but no standardised approach exists. Samples of carbonaceous material bearing metasediments with well‐established metamorphic conditions of the central and western Alps compile a reference series. By applying an automated, iterative and randomised curve‐fitting approach, a consistent and user input‐independent RSCM geothermometer is presented, which covers peak metamorphic temperatures from ca. 160 to 600 °C. The method is hardware independent because the measuring conditions bias is excluded by the use of the reference series and the automated curve‐fitting approach reduces the spectral processing bias effectively, increasing the method's comparability and portability. By distributing the reference series and the automated curve‐fitting software, a laboratory will be able to derive a laboratory specific calibration line for the RSCM geothermometer.

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Section: Evaluation Of Raman Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Towards a Higher Comparability of Geothermometric Data Obtained by Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material. Part 2: A Revised Geothermometer

Lünsdorf

Dunkl

Schmidt

et al. 2017

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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“…A minimal disorder and defect of a graphitic layer of DGPE are consolidated with a very low intensity of the D-band peak observed at about 1350 cm À1 . The 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 intensity of the D-band has been reported to be proportional to the extent of defect present in graphite sample [52,53]. Similar features for the G-band, 2D-band, and Dband in Figure 4a were observed in Figure 4b representing Raman spectra with the electrochemical process in PBS pH 7.00 AE 0.20 in the absence of the 3 analytes and Cu 2 + .…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopy Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Inspired Copper(II) Complex on Disposable Graphite Pencil Electrode for Effective Simultaneous Detection of Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, and Uric Acid

2018

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A facile electrochemical method was developed by in‐situ electrochemical complexation of Cu(II) ions with uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HXA) on the disposable graphite pencil electrode (DGPE) surface for sensitive and selective simultaneous determination of UA, XA and HXA in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.00±0.20). Raman Spectroscopy revealed the fluorescence nature of the corresponding Cu(II) – complexes of phosphate ions, UA, XA and HXA on DGPE while Density Function Theory (DFT) calculation was used to estimate their binding energies which are responsible for the enhanced peaks of UA, XA, and HXA as a result of their stronger interaction with copper atoms than phosphate ions. Square wave voltammetry was used in the analytical part. The calculated limits of detections were 14.42 nM, 5.04 nM and 4.93 nM for UA, XA and HXA, respectively. Potential interferences showed almost no significant effect on the peaks of UA, XA, and HXA, and the developed method was successfully utilized for simultaneous determination of the three analytes on human serum and urine with impressive percentage recovery.

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“…Der Prozess der Grafitisierung -also der Umwandlung von Kohlenstoff mit ungeordnetem Aufbau in eine geordnete grafitische Kristallstruktur -erfolgt unter Metamorphosebedingungen mit erhöhtem Druck und erhöhter Temperatur [6]. Mehrere Methoden wurden beschrieben, um den Grad der Grafitisierung von natürlichen sowie auch synthetischen Grafiten zu bestimmen [7][8][9][10]. Die wissenschaftliche Benennung der Stufen kristalliner Ordnung -also mit zunehmendem Grad an Grafitisierung einer kohlenstoffreichen Matrix -erfolgt hierbei nach Kwiecińska et al [11] über Anthrazit und Meta-Anthrazit als Vorstufen sowie Semi-Grafit und Grafit als Endglieder.…”

Section: Allgemeinesunclassified

“…Hierbei konnte die Raman-Spektroskopie als geeignete Methode zur Charakterisierung von Grafittypen eruiert werden. Gleichsam als "Nebenprodukt" dieser Forschungsaktivitäten konnte der aus dem Untertagebau der Grafitbergbau Kaisersberg GmbH stammende mikrokristalline Grafit dem Typus der Semi-Grafite zugordnet werden [9]. Diese Unterscheidung ist nicht nur aus mineralogischer Sicht von Interesse, denn die Stufen der kristallinen Ordnung beeinflussen die Eigenschaften der Grafite wie auch der daraus erzeugten industriellen Produkte in wesentlichem Ausmaß [12][13][14].…”

Section: Allgemeinesunclassified

Wissenswertes zur Charakterisierung und Aufbereitung von Rohgrafiten

Lämmerer

Flachberger

2017

Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh

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Things to Know about Characterization and Beneficiation of Natural GraphitesAbstract: Making high-value products from natural graphite requires fine-tuned beneficiation processes. Both the type of graphite and the specialities in pricing of graphite products need to be considered during flowsheet development. This paper starts with an overview of the characterization of the different types of graphite, followed by the comminution, beneficiation and refining processes of natural graphite in general and with focus on flake graphite. The paper concludes with current research activities at the Chair of Mineral Processing at Montanuniversität Leoben in the field of natural graphite processing.Dipl.-Ing. W. Lämmerer ( )

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On the discrimination of semi-graphite and graphite by Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 72 publications

References 54 publications

Towards a Higher Comparability of Geothermometric Data Obtained by Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material. Part 2: A Revised Geothermometer

Towards a Higher Comparability of Geothermometric Data Obtained by Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material. Part 2: A Revised Geothermometer

Electrochemically Inspired Copper(II) Complex on Disposable Graphite Pencil Electrode for Effective Simultaneous Detection of Hypoxanthine, Xanthine, and Uric Acid

Wissenswertes zur Charakterisierung und Aufbereitung von Rohgrafiten

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