On the discrimination of inkjet, laser and photocopier printed documents using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics: Application in forensic science

Asri, Muhammad; Nestrgan, Noor Fadhilah; Nor, Nor Azman Mohd; Verma, Rishabh

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.106136

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Perkin-Elmer ATR-FTIR Spectrometer Frontier (Waltham, U.S.A.) coupled with deuterated triglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector was used to differentiate the chemical components used on the genuine and counterfeit banknotes in the fingerprint region range 1800–650 cm −1 . This fingerprint region has been suggested as substantially useful for differentiating the genuine and counterfeit products including the Malaysian Ringgit 100 currency 5 , 11 , indicating the possibility to chemically differentiate the two categories. Triplicate scans were performed on five areas from different section in the obverse and reverse side of the banknote samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidences are analyzed using chemical techniques, to obtain the chemical dataset, and further analyzed using chemometrics method to obtain unambiguous and acceptable results. The most common chemical and chemometrics technique used, particularly for authentication of products, are spectroscopy and statistical approach, respectively 10 , 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Counterfeit fifty Ringgit Malaysian banknotes authentication using novel graph-based chemometrics method

Hassan

Ahmad

Mahat

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Counterfeiting, in particular, the forgery of banknotes is a serious crime problem and has become a great challenge to the global economies. The forensic science experts have been utilizing chemical technique such as infrared spectroscopy to analyze genuine and counterfeit banknotes. Nevertheless, chemometrics techniques are required to further discriminate the banknotes. In this paper, an advanced fuzzy graph chemometrics method is used to discriminate genuine and counterfeit fifty Ringgit Malaysian (RM50) banknotes. The development of the technique, namely chemometrics fuzzy autocatalytic set (c-FACS) is presented in this paper, together with the results and its comparison to principal component analysis (PCA) method. The results from the c-FACS analysis showed distinct patterns and features of the counterfeit banknotes in the c-FACS plot. Furthermore, the new method is faster than PCA in authentication analysis of counterfeit banknotes. Hence, the c-FACS provides better performance in terms of computing time as compared to PCA, and has the potential in assisting the investigation involving counterfeit banknotes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterfeit fifty Ringgit Malaysian banknotes authentication using novel graph-based chemometrics method

Hassan

Ahmad

Mahat

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Using Raman spectroscopy instead of IR spectroscopy, Asri et al also endeavored to discriminate among inkjet, laser, and photocopier printed documents. 249 This study contained a large sample size of 387 printed samples (90 laser, 163 inkjet, and 134 photocopier). Chemical characterization of the samples noted the presence of carbon black pigment in the laser and inkjet samples, while violet 19 was consistent with samples from photocopier documents.…”

Section: ■ Physics/pattern Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, chemometric modeling was able to classify all unknown samples into their class of printing device. Using Raman spectroscopy instead of IR spectroscopy, Asri et al also endeavored to discriminate among inkjet, laser, and photocopier printed documents . This study contained a large sample size of 387 printed samples (90 laser, 163 inkjet, and 134 photocopier).…”

Section: Physics/pattern Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

et al. 2023

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“…While most chemical techniques are destructive, Asri et al [16] succeeded in non-destructive discrimination of 387 printed document samples using Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA.…”

Section: Rel Ated Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

Lee

Kim

Kang

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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With recent advancements in image processing and printing technology, home printers have improved in performance and grown more widespread. As such, they have been increasingly used in counterfeiting and forgery. Most counterfeit bills in Korea have been created using home scanners and printers. The identification of printer model is thus necessary to rapidly track down criminals and solve crimes. Household printers can be largely divided into inkjet and laser printers. These two types of printers print halftone textures instead of continuous images. This study proposed a technique of printer classification based on halftone textures that can be observed in printed documents. Since halftone textures are expressed as periodic lattices, the images were transformed via FFT, which is highly effective at expressing periodicity. ResNet, known for its superior gradient flow, was used for training. The experiment was conducted on 12 color laser jets and 2 inkjets. Scans of bills printed by each printer were used, and halftone texture analysis was performed on these images for printer model classification. Each image was cropped into several parts; one of the cropped parts was analyzed. The analysis showed that laser printers could be 100% distinguished from inkjet printers. An accuracy of 98.44% was achieved in make classification. When 50 cropped images were used instead of a single image, the technique achieved 100% accuracy in model classification. The proposed technique is non‐destructive; it offers high accessibility and efficiency as it can be performed using a scanner alone, without requiring additional optical equipment.

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On the discrimination of inkjet, laser and photocopier printed documents using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics: Application in forensic science

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Counterfeit fifty Ringgit Malaysian banknotes authentication using novel graph-based chemometrics method

Counterfeit fifty Ringgit Malaysian banknotes authentication using novel graph-based chemometrics method

Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

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