On the Development and Characterization of a Reduced Scale Continuous Feed Firebrand Generator

Suzuki, Sayaka; Manzello, Samuel L.

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.10-1437

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The unique features of the NIST continuous feed Baby Dragon, over the present NIST Baby Dragon, are the ability to produce a constant firebrand shower in order to expose building materials to continual firebrand bombardment. The performance of this device has been characterized, and this was presented at the last IAFSS symposium [46]. The Dragon's LAIR facility has now been upgraded to include the NIST continuous feed Baby Dragon (see Fig.…”

Section: Continuous Wind-driven Firebrand Showersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling the Investigation of Structure Vulnerabilities to Wind- Driven Firebrand Showers in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires

Manzello¹

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Wind-driven firebrand showers are a major cause of structural ignition in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires. Past firebrand investigations have not been able to quantify the vulnerabilities of structures to ignition from firebrand showers, as it is difficult to develop a measurement method to replicate wind-driven firebrand attack on structures that occur in actual WUI fires. To address this problem, research has been undertaken in an intricate area involving the quantification of structure vulnerabilities to wind-driven firebrand showers. This type of firebrand research has never been possible prior to the development of the NIST Firebrand Generator, also referred to as the NIST Dragon. Due the complexity of the WUI fire problem, great strides must be made to recruit the next generation of researchers to fire safety science from diverse backgrounds. This paper closes with a discussion of ongoing workshop activities intended to achieve this, as well as some challenges for future WUI fire research.

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Section: Continuous Wind-driven Firebrand Showersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling the Investigation of Structure Vulnerabilities to Wind- Driven Firebrand Showers in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires

Manzello¹

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…Studies on ember aerodynamic transport and on new ignitions inside houses caused by embers transposing gaps are being developed. In order to carry out this study program a firebrand generator similar to the Dragon developed at NIST by (Suzuki and Manzello, 2011) was built at CEIF by Freitas (Fig.1). The original device was used in Manzello et al (2013) for a similar study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firebrand generator system applied to wildland-urban interface research

Oliveira¹,

Quesada²,

Raposo³

et al. 2014

Advances in Forest Fire Research

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A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. Firebrand generator system applied to wildland-urban interface research Autor(es): Oliveira, Ricardo; Quesada, Clara; Viegas, Domingos X.; Freitas, E.; Raposo, J. Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/34311 AbstractThe problem of forest fires in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) areas is increasing in all countries that have problems with forest fires. This phenomenon is well known and studied in USA, Canada or Australia. In European countries the problem is identified and studied. In the last 50 years Portugal experienced an unprecedented rural exodus in all its history. Rural areas faced the decreasing of population every year on the one hand emigration, on the other hand young people moved to urban areas. This led to difficulties of management and increased problems related with combat of wildland fires. The problem of WUI is growing so fast in Portugal in last decade, mainly as a result of the events occurred in 2003, 2005, recently 2012 and 2013. This problems of WUI were identified as a priority, immediately afterwards to personal safety. Given the importance of spot fires in the context of WUI fires the Centre of Forest Fire Studies (CEIF) developed several studies to increase the knowledge on this problem. A study of the probability of penetration of firebrands in typical Portuguese house roofs was carried out. Studies on ember aerodynamic transport and on new ignitions inside houses caused by embers. In particularly this second work about ignitions inside houses is being developed with test that involves the generation of embers in a special device designed to create embers, similar to the ones generated in a real forest fire that can transpose structural gaps of the models tested and start a new fire inside of the structure.In order to carry out this study program a firebrand generator similar to the Baby Dragon developed at NIST by Suzuki and Manzello in 2011 was built. The origin...

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“…The reasons for using wood pieces for these experiments were the following: (1) the use of wood pieces would be easier for other testing laboratories to obtain, and (2) because of the small amount of wood required, it was quite easy to produce these pieces for the reduced-scale tests. These same size wood pieces were used in past studies and have been shown to be commensurate with sizes measured from full-scale burning trees as well as distributions obtained from actual WUI fires [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique feature of the NIST continuous feed Baby Dragon, over the present NIST Dragon, is the ability to produce a constant firebrand shower in order to expose building materials to continual firebrand bombardment. In a very recent study, Suzuki and Manzello characterized the performance of this device. Specifically, the number flux (number of firebrands generated/m 2 s) and the mass flux (mass of firebrands generated/m 2 s) were measured as functions of feeding rate to determine optimum conditions to generate steady firebrand showers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The new and improved NIST Dragon's LAIR (Lofting and Ignition Research) facility

Manzello

Suzuki

2011

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARY Several studies suggest that the firebrands are a major cause of structural ignition of Wildland–Urban Interface fires in USA and Australia. For 40 years, past firebrand studies have focused on how far firebrands fly and do not assess the vulnerabilities of structures to ignition from firebrand showers. The development of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Dragon has allowed the quantification of structure ignition vulnerabilities of full‐scale building assemblies. Full‐scale tests are necessary to highlight vulnerabilities of structures to ignition under firebrand attack, whereas bench‐scale test methods afford the capability to test new firebrand‐resistant technologies and may serve as the basis for new standard testing methodologies. To this end, the present investigation was undertaken to construct a new and improved Dragon's Lofting and Ignition Research facility. This entailed removing the NIST Baby Dragon from the wind tunnel facility and inserting the new and improved NIST continuous feed Baby Dragon. The unique feature of the continuous feed Baby Dragon, over the current NIST Baby Dragon, is the capability to produce a constant firebrand shower in order to expose building materials to continual firebrand bombardment. The efficacy of the new experimental facility to determine ignition regime maps of building materials exposed to wind‐driven firebrand showers is presented. Specifically, ignition regime maps are presented as a function of continuous firebrand generation rate, wind tunnel speed, and cedar moisture content. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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On the Development and Characterization of a Reduced Scale Continuous Feed Firebrand Generator

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Enabling the Investigation of Structure Vulnerabilities to Wind- Driven Firebrand Showers in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires

Enabling the Investigation of Structure Vulnerabilities to Wind- Driven Firebrand Showers in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires

Firebrand generator system applied to wildland-urban interface research

The new and improved NIST Dragon's LAIR (Lofting and Ignition Research) facility

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