On the determination of anisotropy in polymer thin films: A comparative study of optical techniques

Campoy‐Quiles, Mariano; Nelson, Jenny; Etchegoin, P.; Bradley, Donal D. C.; Zhokhavets, V.; Gobsch, G.; Vaughan, Helen L.; Monkman, Andrew P.; Inganäs, Olle; Persson, Niclas; Arwin, Hans; Garriga, M.; Alonso, M. I.; Herrmann, G.; Becker, Márcia Regina; Scholdei, W.; Jahja, Mohamad; Bubeck, Christoph

doi:10.1002/pssc.200777835

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…higher anisotropies which can be found for aligned liquid crystalline films . For uniaxially oriented monodomain liquid crystal samples the refractive index is substantially enhanced along the chain orientation axis allowing design of microcavity structures with spectrally separated and highly polarized emission components and optimization of optical gain properties .…”

Section: Characterization Of Single Layer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This holds for many semiconducting polymers, including polyacetylene, and derivatives of poly(p‐phenylene), poly(p‐phenylenevinylene), polyarylenephenylene, polyfluorene and polythiophene . However, for some cases such as blue emitting PVK, the transition dipole moment is roughly perpendicular to the chain direction, which leads to the extraordinary index being larger than the ordinary . Another factor to be considered is the axial symmetry or rotation about the chain axis, which tends to reduce the birefringence except in the case β ≈ 0°.…”

Section: Characterization Of Single Layer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the combination of reflection VASE and transmittance, reflection and transmission VASE, using multiple sample analysis or interference enhancement VASE . In a recent collaborative investigation, Campoy‐Quiles et al have shown that the above techniques all result in comparable optical constants and anisotropy, also in good agreement with prism coupling waveguiding techniques . In this round‐robin study, samples of PVK were prepared at one institution and sent to six other groups around Europe.…”

Section: Characterization Of Single Layer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Ellipsometric Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Films

Campoy‐Quiles

Alonso

Bradley

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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Conjugated polymers are attracting worldwide attention due to their potential for use as the active layer in advanced electronic, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting applications, and their cost-effective and low thermal budget processing traits. As the technologies based on these materials develop, new and more sensitive characterization techniques are needed. Recent progress on the use of spectroscopic ellipsometry as a highly sensitive and non-invasive method to obtain fundamental information about conjugated polymer fi lms is reviewed. After a brief introduction to the practical details of the technique, the use of ellipsometry to determine optical parameters that provide insight into fi lm morphology is described, including physical phase and molecular orientation, and resulting electronic structure. The characterization of layered systems and the use of in-situ ellipsometry as a means to gain understanding of the kinetics that occur during fi lm deposition and post-deposition thermal and solvent vapor treatment is also discussed.

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Section: Characterization Of Single Layer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Single Layer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Single Layer Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Ellipsometric Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Films

Campoy‐Quiles

Alonso

Bradley

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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“…9(a) and 9(b)], [100][101][102][103][104] polymers such as PVK, with the conjugation occurring on the side group rather than the polymer backbone itself, satisfy the requirement for an out-of-plane transition dipole moment. 105 Additionally, polymer chains may align in the out-of-plane direction under certain circumstances, such as during electrochemical polymerization of P3HT in the vertically oriented pores of an AAO membrane, as evidenced by photoluminescence anisotropy studies. 106,107 Experimental studies of the effect of molecular orientation on SPPs generated at conjugated polymer-metal interfaces are currently lacking.…”

Section: Morphological Effects Of Plasmonic Back Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic electrodes for bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics: a review

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Here, we review recent progress on the integration of plasmonic electrodes into bulkheterojunction organic photovoltaic devices. Plasmonic electrodes, consisting of thin films of metallic nanostructures, can exhibit a number of optical, electrical, and morphological effects that can be exploited to improve performance parameters of ultrathin photovoltaic active layers. We review the various types of plasmonic electrodes that have been incorporated into organic photovoltaics such as nanohole, nanowire, and nanoparticle arrays and grating electrodes and their impact on various device performance parameters. The use of plasmonic back electrodes can impact device performance in a number of ways because the mechanisms of performance improvements are often a complex combination of optical, electrical, and structural effects. Inverted bulk heterojunction device architectures have been shown to benefit from the multifunctionality of plasmonic back electrodes as they can minimize space-charge effects and reduce hole carrier collection lengths in addition to providing improved light localization in the active layer. The use of semi-transparent plasmonic electrodes can also be beneficial for organic photovoltaics as they can exhibit a variety of optical properties such as light scattering, light localization, extraordinary transmission of light, and absorption-induced transparency, in addition to providing an alternative to metal oxide-based transparent electrodes. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…-O-Ì ÌH2 N PEPC n materials constants such as absorption coefficient and refractive index of thin films [10,11]. In order to design optoelectronic devices based on a polymer film, it is necessary to calculate and analyze its optical constants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of spin-coated thin polymer films by optical spectroscopy

Meshalkin¹,

Harea²,

Iaseniuc³

et al. 2012

SPIE Proceedings

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Transparent thin films of polyepoxypropylcarbazole polymer were produced using spin-coating technique. Optical materials constants such as refractive index of thin films and thickness were determined by optical spectroscopy. It was shown the possibility of variation of film thickness by polymer concentration in solution. It was shown that film thickness dependence on the concentration of solution is linear. Therefore this linear dependence can be used to predict the film thickness of spin-coated polymers if the solvent is known. The thickness can be varied from 170 nm up to 940 nm for the solution with concentration from 2.5% up to 12.5%. To confirm the validity of our method, we also carried out the interferometric thickness measurements and analysis with a thin film of polyepoxypropylcarbazole. The difference of obtained results of two methods averaged not more than 5%.The measured film thickness by transmission spectra of the polymer film was found to be well correlated to the results of interferometric thickness measurement. The refractive index of the polyepoxypropylcarbazole was 1.62, which was well above the refractive index of 1.49 for polymethylmethacrylate. It was found that the inclusion of even a small amount of a photosensitizer, such as CHI 3 , was effective in producing of high refractive index material with refractive index 1.64.

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On the determination of anisotropy in polymer thin films: A comparative study of optical techniques

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Advanced Ellipsometric Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Films

Advanced Ellipsometric Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Films

Plasmonic electrodes for bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics: a review

Characterization of spin-coated thin polymer films by optical spectroscopy

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