On the determination of and content in human tissues

The radioecological situation in the East-Kazakhstan region was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), radiography and nuclear spectroscopy methods. The eastern part of this region borders the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. Radiation doses for 33 residents of this region were measured by EPR dosimetry in tooth enamel. It was found that for 25% of the residents the measured radiation doses do not exceed the background level. The rest of the doses exceed the background level by a factor of 2-4 on the average. A new method of nuclear explosion dating was developed on the basis of the EPR measurements of the free radical concentration in annual tree rings. Their maximal concentration corresponds to the years when nuclear explosions were executed. The obtained resutts correlate well with the commonly accepted radiography method. Both methods show a maximum of radionuclide levels in the years of nuclear testing. The plutonium-239 content in residents hair samples was found to be equal to (0.8+0.2)-10 -9 g/kg and with activity of 1.9__.0.4 Bq/kg. This is by a factor of 20 higher than the permitted content for the population.

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“…In order to assess the plutonium-239 body burden for EKR residents, we used this method described in detail earlier [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation dose reconstruction and nuclear-explosion dating in the East-Kazakhstan region

et al. 2006

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“…B.M. Bolotov et al [ 41 ] reported that the concentrations of 241 Am in human hair collected from the Semipalatinsk area were lower than 0.05 Bq/kg. However, there is still a lack of data on the transfer factors of 241 Am from the food chain to human beings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of 241Am in Environmental Samples: A Review

et al. 2022

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The determination of 241Am in the environment is of importance in monitoring its release and assessing its environmental impact and radiological risk. This paper aims to give an overview about the recent developments and the state-of-art analytical methods for 241Am determination in environmental samples. Thorough discussions are given in this paper covering a wide range of aspects, including sample pre-treatment and pre-concentration methods, chemical separation techniques, source preparation, radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques, speciation analyses, and tracer applications. The paper focuses on some hyphenated separation methods based on different chromatographic resins, which have been developed to achieve high analytical efficiency and sample throughput for the determination of 241Am. The performances of different radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques for 241Am are evaluated and compared. Tracer applications of 241Am in the environment, including speciation analyses of 241Am, and applications in nuclear forensics are also discussed.

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