On the design of few-mode Er-doped fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing optical communications systems

Herbster, Adolfo F.; Romero, Murilo A.

doi:10.1117/12.2052038

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In this condition, a useful figure of merit concerning the amplifier gain was previously defined by us as [15] …”

Section: Optimization Formalism and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach is based on a technique presented by us in reference [15], originally for the design of singlechannel FM-EDFAs. Specifically, in our methodology, the rate and propagation equations are used only as a starting point, to derive a simplified figure of merit, which relates the output characteristics of the FM-EDF to the set of modes composing the input and pump signals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

EDFA Design and Analysis for WDM Optical Systems Based on Modal Multiplexing

Herbster

Romero

2017

J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl.

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“…In this condition, a useful figure of merit concerning the amplifier gain was previously defined by us as [15] …”

Section: Optimization Formalism and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

EDFA Design and Analysis for WDM Optical Systems Based on Modal Multiplexing

Herbster

Romero

2017

J. Microw. Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl.

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“…One of the important factors that determines the gain per mode is the overlap factor (𝜂 𝑠,𝑝 ), which is the product of normalized signal intensity and normalized pump intensity along with doping profile [17] [22]. The transverse overlap factor integral has been modified to include 𝐸𝑟 3+ ion profile.…”

Section: Coupled Mode Equations Description Of Fm-edfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified differential overlap factor and modal gain equalization criteria-based comparative analysis of 4M-EDFA 980;1480 nm towards identification of a unique erbium doping profile for the 4M-EDFA1480 nm system

Naik

Qazi

2023

J Comput Electron

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Space division multiplexing (SDM) based four mode erbium doped fiber amplifier (4M-EDFA) system is explored with 𝐿𝑃 01;980 𝑛𝑚 and 𝐿𝑃 01;1480 𝑛𝑚 pump power respectively. Main objective of this work is reduction in inherent differential modal gain (DMG) and differential spectral gain (DSG) between amplified signal modes 𝐿𝑃 𝑙𝑚 (𝐿𝑃 01 ; 𝐿𝑃 11 ; 𝐿𝑃 21 and 𝐿𝑃 02 ) while maintaining high modal gain. Differential modal noise figure (DMNF) and differential spectral noise figure (DSNF) parameters are introduced to quantify amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) impact in 4M-EDFA 980 𝑛𝑚; 1480 𝑛𝑚 system. A modified erbium ion inclusive overlap factor (𝜂 𝑠𝑝 ) and more decisive DMG related differential modal overlap factor (DMOF) and DSG related differential spectral overlap factor (DSOF) parameters are extracted using coupled mode equations. Calculations reveal 𝜂 𝑠𝑝 favourably high in 4M-EDFA 980 𝑛𝑚 than in 4M-EDFA 1480 𝑛𝑚 system. However, calculated DMOF and DSOF values are also unfavorably high in the former than in latter. Thereby, 4M-EDFA 1480 𝑛𝑚 is further explored for the simultaneous reduction in DMOF and DSOF values. Modified erbium doped profile (MEDP) 4M-EDFA 980 𝑛𝑚;1480 𝑛𝑚 system is simulated with erbium ion profile variants: uniform, 𝑁 𝑖𝑛𝑣 (𝑟) and 𝑁 𝑜𝑝𝑡 (𝑟) in the order of their improved performances. 𝑁 𝑖𝑛𝑣 (𝑟) is extracted from inverse sum of normalised signal intensities related function and subsequently unique 𝑁 𝑜𝑝𝑡 (𝑟) profile is proposed that satisfies reasonably differential modal gain equalization criteria. In 4M-EDFA 1480 𝑛𝑚 system at 1550 nm wavelength respective values with 𝑁 𝑖𝑛𝑣 (𝑟) and 𝑁 𝑜𝑝𝑡 (𝑟) for average modal gain is 24.05 dB, 24.17 dB; DMG is 2.4388 dB, 0.3624 dB and DMNF is 2.6862 dB, 0.3278 dB.

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“…In this section, the design optimization of the 2M-EDFA is discussed. A basic SM-EDFA Giles and Desurvire model [10] is extended to describe the propagation of modes in the FM-EDFA [11][12][13][14]. This extended model analyzes the effect of modal shapes of signal, pump and erbium doped profile on performance.…”

Section: Extension Of Giles Model From Sm-edfa To Fm-edfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of amplified spontaneous emission and characterization of an optimized two-mode EDFA system obtained from an extended analytical model

2020

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An optimized two-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2M-EDFA) system is proposed and evaluated in this paper. The Giles model of a single-mode EDFA is extended to multiple modes. Detailed mathematical analysis of the model indicates that a proper combination of an LP 01 pump and LP 11 pump can equalize the gain of the two modes. The results from mathematical calculations are validated with simulations based on the Runge-Kutta method numerically integrating first-order differential rate equations and propagation equations in the optical domain. Results show that an appropriate LP 01 and LP 11 pump power combination equalizes the gain of the two signal modes to a high value of 27.256 dB. The evolution of the forward-amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the designed 2M-EDFA system is investigated. The ASE ratio between the two modes is observed to remain within a factor of 2. The tolerance of the differential modal gain (DMG) with respect to the intrinsic parameters and external operating conditions for the designed 2M-EDFA system is also investigated. In the range of 1530-1560 nm, a modal gain of about 27 dB and ripple of about 0.21 dB are obtained for both modes. This enables transmission of a total of 60 spatial and spectral channels in this range with appropriate spacing. Finally, the immunity of the 2M-EDFA design to the effects of high concentration are investigated.

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On the design of few-mode Er-doped fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing optical communications systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

EDFA Design and Analysis for WDM Optical Systems Based on Modal Multiplexing

EDFA Design and Analysis for WDM Optical Systems Based on Modal Multiplexing

Modified differential overlap factor and modal gain equalization criteria-based comparative analysis of 4M-EDFA 980;1480 nm towards identification of a unique erbium doping profile for the 4M-EDFA1480 nm system

Evolution of amplified spontaneous emission and characterization of an optimized two-mode EDFA system obtained from an extended analytical model

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