On the Design of Active Contours for Medical Image Segmentation

Abstract

Summary Objectives: To provide a comprehensive bottom-up categorization of model-based segmentation techniques that allows to select, implement, and apply well-suited active contour models for segmentation of medical images, where major challenges are the high variability in shape and appearance of objects, noise, artifacts, partial occlusions of objects, and the required reliability and correctness of results. Methods: We consider the general purpose of segmentation, the dimension of images, the object representation within the model, image and contour influences, as well as the solution and the parameter selection of the model. Potentials and limits are characterized for all instances in each category providing essential information for the application of active contours to various purposes in medical image processing. Based on prolaps surgery planning, we exemplify the use of the scheme to successfully design robust 3D-segmentation. Results: The construction scheme allows to design robust segmentation methods, which, in particular, should avoid any gaps of dimension. Such gaps result from different image domains and value ranges with respect to the applied model domain and the dimension of relevant subsets for image influences, respectively. Conclusions: A general segmentation procedure with sufficient robustness for medical applications is still missing. It is shown that in almost every category, novel techniques are available to improve the initial snake model, which was introduced in 1987.

Towards Safer, Faster Prenatal Genetic Tests: Novel Unsupervised, Automatic and Robust Methods of Segmentation of Nuclei and Probes

“…Region-merging is a long process, where the criteria for merging depend on the watershed results, and have to be tuned as well. Finally, energy-based methods, such as active contours [7], level sets, or graph cuts, require initialisation, internal energies modeling the final shape, external energies modeling the borders' characteristics, and parameters to balance them: these are difficult to tune even manually. Furthermore, in our context, the various nucleic textures and their impacts on the surrounding background are hard to model as local energy terms.…”

Multiscale image analysis of calcium dynamics in cardiac myocytes

“…phase contrast, bright field), and single cell images (as opposed to cell cultures where clumping may occur). Examples of contour based methods are segmentation via edge detectors [106,107], contour shape and morphology-based [108,109], active contour models or snakes [110][111][112] or the subgroup of these, level-set based [113][114][115] and combinations of contour-based with others like local thresholding [116], or with watershed [117].…”